# 360.200 Designation of noxious weeds.
The Administrator has determined that it is necessary to designate the following plants
<sup>1</sup>
[^] as noxious weeds to prevent their introduction into the United States or their dissemination within the United States:
<sup>1</sup> One or more of the common names of weeds are given in parentheses after most scientific names to help identify the weeds represented by such scientific names; however, a scientific name is intended to include all subordinate taxa within the taxon. For example, taxa listed at the genus level include all species, subspecies, varieties, and forms within the genus; taxa listed at the species level include all subspecies, varieties, and forms within the species.
(a) *Aquatic and wetland weeds:*
*Azolla pinnata* R. Brown (mosquito fern, water velvet)
*Caulerpa taxifolia* (Vahl) C. Agardh, Mediterranean strain (killer algae)
*Eichhornia azurea* (Swartz) Kunth
*Hydrilla verticillata* (Linnaeus f.) Royle (hydrilla)
*Hygrophila polysperma* T. Anderson (Miramar weed)
*Ipomoea aquatica* Forsskal (water-spinach, swamp morning-glory)
*Lagarosiphon major* (Ridley) Moss
*Limnophila sessiliflora* (Vahl) Blume (ambulia)
*Melaleuca quinquenervia* (Cavanilles) S.T. Blake
*Monochoria hastata* (Linnaeus) Solms-Laubach
*Monochoria vaginalis* (Burman f.) C. Presl
*Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.*
*Sagittaria sagittifolia* Linnaeus (arrowhead)
*Salvinia auriculata* Aublet (giant salvinia)
*Salvinia biloba* Raddi (giant salvinia)
*Salvinia herzogii* de la Sota (giant salvinia)
*Salvinia molesta* D.S. Mitchell (giant salvinia)
*Solanum tampicense* Dunal (wetland nightshade)
*Sparganium erectum* Linnaeus (exotic bur-reed)
(b) *Parasitic weeds:*
*Aeginetia* spp.
*Alectra* spp.
*Cuscuta* spp. (dodders), other than following species:
*Cuscuta americana* Linnaeus
*Cuscuta applanata* Engelmann
*Cuscuta approximata* Babington
*Cuscuta attenuata* Waterfall
*Cuscuta boldinghii* Urban
*Cuscuta brachycalyx* (Yuncker) Yuncker
*Cuscuta californica* Hooker & Arnott
*Cuscuta campestris* Yuncker
*Cuscuta cassytoides* Nees ex Engelmann
*Cuscuta ceanothi* Behr
*Cuscuta cephalanthi* Engelmann
*Cuscuta compacta* Jussieu
*Cuscuta coryli* Engelmann
*Cuscuta cuspidata* Engelmann
*Cuscuta decipiens* Yuncker
*Cuscuta dentatasquamata* Yuncker
*Cuscuta denticulata* Engelmann
*Cuscuta epilinum* Weihe
*Cuscuta epithymum* (Linnaeus) Linnaeus
*Cuscuta erosa* Yuncker
*Cuscuta europaea* Linnaeus
*Cuscuta exaltata* Engelmann
*Cuscuta fasciculata* Yuncker
*Cuscuta glabrior* (Engelmann) Yuncker
*Cuscuta globulosa* Bentham
*Cuscuta glomerata* Choisy
*Cuscuta gronovii* Willdenow
*Cuscuta harperi* Small
*Cuscuta howelliana* Rubtzoff
*Cuscuta indecora* Choisy
*Cuscuta leptantha* Engelmann
*Cuscuta mitriformis* Engelmann
*Cuscuta obtusiflora* Kunth
*Cuscuta odontolepis* Engelmann
*Cuscuta pentagona* Engelmann
*Cuscuta planiflora* Tenore
*Cuscuta plattensis* A. Nelson
*Cuscuta polygonorum* Engelmann
*Cuscuta rostrata* Shuttleworth ex Engelmann & Gray
*Cuscuta runyonii* Yuncker
*Cuscuta salina* Engelmann
*Cuscuta sandwichiana* Choisy
*Cuscuta squamata* Engelmann
*Cuscuta suaveolens* Seringe
*Cuscuta suksdorfii* Yuncker
*Cuscuta tuberculata* Brandegee
*Cuscuta umbellata* Kunth
*Cuscuta umbrosa* Beyrich ex Hooker
*Cuscuta veatchii* Brandegee
*Cuscuta warneri* Yuncker
*Orobanche* spp. (broomrapes), other than the following species:
*Orobanche bulbosa* (Gray) G. Beck
*Orobanche californica* Schlechtendal & Chamisso
*Orobanche cooperi* (Gray) Heller
*Orobanche corymbosa* (Rydberg) Ferris
*Orobanche dugesii* (S. Watson) Munz
*Orobanche fasciculata* Nuttall
*Orobanche ludoviciana* Nuttall
*Orobanche multicaulis* Brandegee
*Orobanche parishii* (Jepson) Heckard
*Orobanche pinorum* Geyer ex Hooker
*Orobanche uniflora* Linnaeus
*Orobanche valida* Jepson
*Orobanche vallicola* (Jepson) Heckard
*Striga* spp. (witchweeds)
(c) *Terrestrial weeds:*
*Acacia nilotica* (Linnaeus) Wildenow ex Delile (gum arabic tree, thorny acacia
*Ageratina adenophora* (Sprengel) King & Robinson (crofton weed)
*Ageratina riparia* (Regel) R.M. King and H. Robinson (creeping croftonweed, mistflower)
*Alternanthera sessilis* (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex de Candolle (sessile joyweed)
*Arctotheca calendula* (Linnaeus) Levyns (capeweed)
*Asphodelus fistulosus* Linnaeus (onionweed)
*Avena sterilis* Linnaeus (including *Avena ludoviciana* Durieu) (animated oat, wild oat)
*Carthamus oxyacantha* M. Bieberstein (wild safflower)
*Chrysopogon aciculatus* (Retzius) Trinius (pilipiliula)
*Commelina benghalensis* Linnaeus (Benghal dayflower)
*Crupina vulgaris* Cassini (common crupina)
*Digitaria abyssinica* (Hochstetter ex A. Richard) Stapf (African couchgrass, fingergrass)
*Digitaria velutina* (Forsskal) Palisot de Beauvois (velvet fingergrass, annual couchgrass)
*Drymaria arenariodes* Humboldt & Bonpland ex J.A. Schultes (lightning weed)
*Emex australis* Steinheil (three-cornered jack)
*Emex spinosa* (Linnaeus) Campdera (devil's thorn)
*Euphorbia terracina* Linnaeus (false caper, Geraldton carnation weed)
*Galega officinalis* Linnaeus (goatsrue)
*Heracleum mantegazzianum* Sommier & Levier (giant hogweed)
*Imperata brasiliensis* Trinius (Brazilian satintail)
*Imperata cylindrica* (Linnaeus) Palisot de Beauvois (cogongrass)
*Inula britannica* Linnaeus (British elecampane, British yellowhead)
*Ischaemum rugosum* Salisbury (murainograss)
*Leptochloa chinensis* (Linnaeus) Nees (Asian sprangletop)
*Lycium ferocissimum* Miers (African boxthorn)
*Lygodium flexuosum* (Linnaeus) Swartz (maidenhair creeper)
*Lygodium microphyllum* (Cavanilles) R. Brown (Old World climbing fern)
*Melastoma malabathricum* Linnaeus
*Mikania cordata* (Burman f.) B. L. Robinson (mile-a-minute)
*Mikania micrantha* Kunth
*Mimosa diplotricha* C. Wright (giant sensitive-plant)
*Mimosa pigra* Linneaus var. *pigra* (catclaw mimosa)
*Moraea collina* Thunberg (apricot Cape-tulip)
*Moraea flaccida* (Sweet) Steudel (one-leaf Cape-tulip)
*Moraea miniata* Andrews (two-leaf Cape-tulip)
*Moraea ochroleuca* (Salisbury) Drapiez (red Cape-tulip)
*Moraea pallida* (Baker) Goldblatt (yellow Cape-tulip)
*Nassella trichotoma* (Nees) Hackel ex Arechavaleta (serrated tussock)
*Onopordum acaulon* Linnaeus (stemless thistle)
*Onopordum illyricum* Linnaeus (Illyrian thistle)
*Opuntia aurantiaca* Lindley (jointed prickly pear)
*Oryza longistaminata* A. Chevalier & Roehrich (red rice)
*Oryza punctata* Kotschy ex Steudel (red rice)
*Oryza rufipogon* Griffith (red rice)
*Paspalum scrobiculatum* Linnaeus (Kodo-millet)
*Pennisetum clandestinum* Hochstetter ex Chiovenda (kikuyugrass)
*Pennisetum macrourum* Trinius (African feathergrass)
*Pennisetum pedicellatum* Trinius (kyasumagrass)
*Pennisetum polystachion* (Linnaeus) Schultes (missiongrass, thin napiergrass)
*Prosopis alpataco* R. A. Philippi
*Prosopis argentina* Burkart
*Prosopis articulata* S. Watson
*Prosopis burkartii* Munoz
*Prosopis caldenia* Burkart
*Prosopis calingastana* Burkart
*Prosopis campestris* Griseback
*Prosopis castellanosii* Burkart
*Prosopis denudans* Bentham
*Prosopis elata* (Burkart) Burkart
*Prosopis farcta* (Banks & Solander) J.F. Macbride
*Prosopis ferox* Grisebach
*Prosopis fiebrigii* Harms
*Prosopis hassleri* Harms
*Prosopis humilis* Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott
*Prosopis kuntzei* Harms
*Prosopis pallida* (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Kunth
*Prosopis palmeri* S. Watson
*Prosopis reptans* Bentham var. *reptans*
*Prosopis rojasiana* Burkart
*Prosopis ruizlealii* Burkart
*Prosopis ruscifolia* Grisebach
*Prosopis sericantha* Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott
*Prosopis strombulifera* (Lamarck) Bentham
*Prosopis torquata* (Cavanilles ex Lagasca y Segura) de Candolle
*Rottboellia cochinchinensis* (Lour.) W. Clayton
*Rubus fruticosus* Linnaeus (complex) (wild blackberry)
*Rubus moluccanus* Linnaeus (wild raspberry)
*Saccharum spontaneum* Linnaeus (wild sugarcane)
*Salsola vermiculata* Linnaeus (wormleaf salsola)
*Senecio inaequidens* DC. (South African ragwort)
*Senecio madagascariensis* Poir. (Madagascar ragwort)
*Setaria pumila* (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. subsp. *pallidefusca* (Schumach.) B.K. Simon (cattail grass)
*Solanum torvum* Swartz (turkeyberry)
*Solanum viarum* Dunal (tropical soda apple)
*Spermacoce alata* Aublet
*Tridax procumbens* Linnaeus (coat buttons)
*Urochloa panicoides* Beauvois (liverseed grass)
[48 FR 20039, May 4, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 25223, June 20, 1984; 57 FR 8838, Mar. 13, 1992; 60 FR 35832, July 12, 1995; 64 FR 12883, Mar. 16, 1999; 65 FR 33743, May 25, 2000; 66 FR 21060, Apr. 27, 2001; 71 FR 35381, June 20, 2006; 74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009; 75 FR 68953, Nov. 10, 2010]