14 CFR § 61.412 - Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an aircraft based on V?

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t14/s61.412"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "14 CFR § 61.412 - Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an  aircraft based on V?"
title_number: 14
title_name: "Aeronautics and Space"
section_number: "61.412"
section_name: "Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an  aircraft based on V?"
chapter_name: "FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION"
subchapter_number: "D"
subchapter_name: "AIRMEN"
part_number: "61"
part_name: "CERTIFICATION: PILOTS, FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS, AND GROUND INSTRUCTORS"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-04-05"
last_updated: "2026-04-05"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "49 U.S.C. 106(f), 40113, 44701-44703, 44707, 44709-44711, 44729, 44903, 45102-45103, 45301-45302."
regulatory_source: "Docket 25910, 62 FR 16298, Apr. 4, 1997, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "61"
---


# 61.412 Do I need additional training to provide instruction on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the instruments in an  aircraft based on V?

To provide flight training under § 61.93(e)(12) on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the flight instruments for the purpose of issuing a solo cross-country endorsement under § 61.93(c)(1) to a student pilot seeking a sport pilot certificate, a flight instructor with a sport pilot rating must:

(a) Hold an endorsement required by § 61.327(b);

(b) Receive and log a minimum of 1 hour of ground training and 3 hours of flight training from an authorized instructor in an airplane with a V<sub>H</sub> greater than 87 knots CAS or in a full flight simulator, flight training device, or aviation training device that replicates an airplane with a V<sub>H</sub> greater than 87 knots CAS; and

(c) Receive a one-time endorsement in his or her logbook from an instructor authorized under subpart H of this part who certifies that the person is proficient in providing training on control and maneuvering solely by reference to the flight instruments in an airplane with a V<sub>H</sub> greater than 87 knots CAS. This flight training must include straight and level flight, turns, descents, climbs, use of radio navigation aids, and ATC directives.

[Amdt. 61-142, 83 FR 30280, June 27, 2018, as amended by Docket FAA-2023-1377, Amdt. 61-159, 90 FR 35218, July 24, 2025]