21 CFR § 12.140 - Review by the courts.

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t21/s12.140"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "21 CFR § 12.140 - Review by the courts."
title_number: 21
title_name: "Food and Drugs"
section_number: "12.140"
section_name: "Review by the courts."
chapter_name: "FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES"
subchapter_number: "A"
subchapter_name: "GENERAL"
part_number: "12"
part_name: "FORMAL EVIDENTIARY PUBLIC HEARING"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-04-05"
last_updated: "2026-04-05"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "21 U.S.C. 141-149, 321-393, 467f, 679, 821, 1034; 42 U.S.C. 201, 262, 263b-263n, 264; 15 U.S.C. 1451-1461; 5 U.S.C. 551-558, 701-721; 28 U.S.C. 2112."
regulatory_source: "44 FR 22339, Apr. 13, 1979, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "12"
---


# 12.140 Review by the courts.

(a) The Commissioner's final decision constitutes final agency action from which a participant may petition for judicial review under the statutes governing the matter involved. Before requesting an order from a court for a stay of action pending review, a participant shall first submit a petition for a stay of action under § 10.35.

(b) Under 28 U.S.C. 2112(a), FDA will request consolidation of all petitions related to a particular matter.