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25 CFR § 2.101 - What terms do I need to know?

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t25/s2.101"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "25 CFR § 2.101 - What terms do I need to know?"
title_number: 25
title_name: "Indians"
section_number: "2.101"
section_name: "What terms do I need to know?"
chapter_name: "BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR"
subchapter_number: "A"
subchapter_name: "PROCEDURES AND PRACTICE"
part_number: "2"
part_name: "APPEALS FROM ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-03-24"
last_updated: "2026-03-24"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "43 U.S.C. 1457; 25 U.S.C. 9; 5 U.S.C. 301."
regulatory_source: "88 FR 53779, Aug. 9, 2023, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "2"
---

# 2.101 What terms do I need to know?

*Administrative record* means all documents and materials that were considered directly or indirectly, or were presented for consideration, in the course of making the decision that is the subject of the appeal.

*Adversely affected* means the decision on appeal has caused or is likely to cause injury to a legally protected interest.

*Agency* means the Department of the Interior, inclusive of all its offices and bureaus.

*Appeal* means:

(1) A written request for administrative review of a decision-maker's decision or inaction that is claimed to adversely affect the interested party making the request; or

(2) The process you must follow when you seek administrative review of a decision-maker's decision or inaction.

*Appellant* means the person or entity who files an appeal.

*AS-IA* means the Assistant Secretary—Indian Affairs, Department of the Interior. AS-IA also means the Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary—Indian Affairs or other official delegated the authority of the AS-IA when the office of the AS-IA is vacant, when the AS-IA is unable to perform the functions of the office, or when the AS-IA is recused from the matter.

*BIA* means the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

*BIE* means the Bureau of Indian Education.

*BTFA* means the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration.

*Days* mean calendar days, unless otherwise provided. Days during which the agency is closed because of a lapse in appropriations do not count as days for purposes of calculating deadlines for actions by Federal officials under this part.

*Decision* means an agency action that permits, approves, or grants permission, requires compliance, or grants or denies requested relief.

*Decision-maker* means the Indian Affairs official whose decision or inaction is being appealed.

*Effective* means that the decision will be implemented by the Department.

*Final agency action* means a decision that represents the consummation of the agency's decision-making process and is subject to judicial review under 5 U.S.C. 704. Final agency actions are immediately effective unless the decision provides otherwise.

*IBIA* means the Interior Board of Indian Appeals within the Office of Hearings and Appeals.

*IED* means the Office of Indian Economic Development.

*Indian Affairs* means all offices and personnel subject to the authority of the AS-IA.

*Interested party* means a person or entity whose legally protected interests are adversely affected by the decision on appeal or may be adversely affected by the decision of the reviewing official.

*Local Bureau Official (“LBO”)* means the Superintendent, Field Representative, or other BIA official who serves as the primary point of contact between BIA and a Tribe or individual Indian.

*Notice of Appeal (“NOA”)* means a written document that an appellant files with the reviewing official and serves on the decision-maker and interested parties.

*OIG* means the Office of Indian Gaming.

*OJS* means the Office of Justice Services.

*OSG* means the Office of Self Governance.

*Participant* means the appellant, any interested party who files a response as provided for in § 2.209, and any Tribe that is an interested party.

*Person* means an individual human being or other entity.

*Reviewing official* means an Indian Affairs official who is authorized to review and issue decisions on appeals filed under this part, and the IBIA, unless otherwise provided in this part.

*Trust Asset* means trust lands, natural resources, trust funds, or other assets held by the Federal Government in trust for Indian Tribes and individual Indians.

*We, us,* and *our,* mean the officers and employees of Indian Affairs.

*You* (in the text of each section) and *I* (in the section headings) mean an interested party who is considering, pursuing, or participating in an administrative appeal as provided for in this part.