40 CFR § 461.32 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t40/s461.32"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "40 CFR § 461.32 - Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT)."
title_number: 40
title_name: "Protection of Environment"
section_number: "461.32"
section_name: "Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT)."
chapter_name: "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY"
subchapter_number: "N"
subchapter_name: "EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS"
part_number: "461"
part_name: "BATTERY MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-03-24"
last_updated: "2026-03-24"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "Secs. 301, 304 (b), (c), (e), and (g), 306 (b) and (c), 307 (b) and (c), 308 and 501 of the Clean Water Act (the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972, as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977) (the “Act”); 33 U.S.C. 1311, 1314 (b), (c), (e), and (g), 1316 (b) and (c), 1317 (b) and (c), and 1361; 86 Stat. 816, Pub. L. 92-500; 91 Stat. 1567, Pub. L. 95-217."
regulatory_source: "49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "461"
---


# 461.32 Effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable (BAT).

(a) Except as provided in 40 CFR 125.30 through 125.32, any existing point source subject to this subpart must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable:

(1) Subpart C—Open Formation—Dehydrated.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 3.19 | 1.68 |
| Lead | 0.71 | 0.34 |
| Iron | 2.02 | 1.02 |

(2) Subpart C—Open Formation—Wet.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.100 | 0.053 |
| Lead | 0.022 | 0.010 |
| Iron | 0.06 | 0.03 |

(3) Subpart C—Plate Soak.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.039 | 0.021 |
| Lead | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Iron | 0.030 | 0.010 |

(4) Subpart C—Battery Wash (Detergent).

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or Pollutant Property | Maximum for any 1 Day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 1.71 | 0.90 |
| Lead | 0.38 | 0.18 |
| Iron | 1.08 | 0.55 |

(5) Subpart C—Direct Chill Lead Casting.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.0004 | 0.0002 |
| Lead | 0.00008 | 0.00004 |
| Iron | 0.0002 | 0.0001 |

(6) Subpart C—Mold Release Formulation.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.011 | 0.006 |
| Lead | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Iron | 0.007 | 0.003 |

(7) Subpart C—Truck Wash.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead in trucked batteries |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead in trucked batteries |  |
| Copper | 0.026 | 0.014 |
| Lead | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Iron | 0.016 | 0.008 |

(8) Subpart C—Laundry.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.21 | 0.11 |
| Lead | 0.05 | 0.02 |
| Iron | 0.13 | 0.07 |

(9) Subpart C—Miscellaneous Wastewater Streams.

BAT Effluent Limitations

| Pollutant or pollutant property | Maximum for any 1 day | Maximum for monthly average |
| --- | --- | --- |
|  | Metric units—mg/kg of lead used |  |
|  | English units—pounds per 1,000,000 pounds of lead used |  |
| Copper | 0.58 | 0.31 |
| Lead | 0.13 | 0.06 |
| Iron | 0.37 | 0.19 |

(b) There shall be no discharge allowance for process wastewater pollutants from any battery manufacturing operation other than those battery manufacturing operations listed above.

[49 FR 9134, Mar. 9, 1984; 49 FR 13879, Apr. 9, 1984, as amended at 51 FR 30816, Aug. 28, 1986]