# 102-71.10 Definitions.
The following definitions apply to GSA's real property policies:
*Alteration* means remodeling, improving, extending, or making other changes to a facility, exclusive of maintenance repairs that are preventive in nature. The term includes planning, engineering, architectural work, and other similar actions.
*Designated Official* is the highest ranking official of the primary occupant agency of a Federal facility, or, alternatively, a designee selected by mutual agreement of occupant agency officials.
*Executive agency* means an executive department specified in 5 U.S.C. 101; a military department specified in 5 U.S.C. 102; an independent establishment as defined in 5 U.S.C. 104(1); and a wholly owned Government corporation fully subject to the provisions of 31 U.S.C. chapter 91.
*Federal agency* means any executive agency or any establishment in the legislative or judicial branch of the Government (except the Senate, the House of Representatives, and the Architect of the Capitol and any activities under his or her direction).
*Flashover* means fire conditions in a confined area where the upper gas layer temperature reaches 600 °C (1100 °F) and the heat flux at floor level exceeds 20 kW/m2 (1.8 Btu/ft2/sec).
*GSA* means the U.S. General Services Administration, acting by or through the Administrator of General Services, or a designated official to whom functions under this part have been delegated by the Administrator of General Services.
*Maintenance* means the upkeep of property only to the extent necessary to offset serious deterioration; also such operation of utilities, including water supply and sewerage systems, heating, plumbing, and air-conditioning equipment, as may be necessary for fire protection, the needs of interim tenants, and personnel employed at the site, and the requirements for preserving certain types of equipment. Maintenance may also mean preservation by inspection, adjustment, lubrication, cleaning, and the making of minor repairs. *Ordinary maintenance* means routine recurring work that is incidental to everyday operations; *preventive maintenance* means work programmed at scheduled intervals.
*Management* means the safeguarding of the Government's interest in property, in an efficient and economical manner consistent with the best business practices.
*Nonprofit organization* means an organization identified in 26 U.S.C. 501(c).
*Occupancy Emergency Organization* means the emergency response organization comprised of employees of Federal agencies designated to perform the requirements established by the Occupant Emergency Plan.
*Occupant agency* means an organization that is assigned space in a facility under GSA's custody and control.
*Occupant Emergency Plan* means procedures developed to protect life and property in a specific federally occupied space under stipulated emergency conditions.
*Occupant Emergency Program* means a short-term emergency response program. It establishes procedures for safeguarding lives and property during emergencies in particular facilities.
*Protection* means the provisions of adequate measures for prevention and extinguishment of fires, special inspections to determine and eliminate fire and other hazards, and necessary guards to protect property against thievery, vandalism, and unauthorized entry.
*Public body* means any State of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of the foregoing.
*Qualified fire protection engineer* means an individual with a thorough knowledge and understanding of the principles of physics and chemistry governing fire growth, spread, and suppression, meeting one of the following criteria:
(1) An engineer having an undergraduate or graduate degree from a college or university offering a course of study in fire protection engineering, fire protection engineering technology or fire safety engineering that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology or a similar accreditation, plus a minimum of 4 years work experience in fire protection engineering.
(2) A professional engineer (P.E. or similar designation) who has passed the Principles and Practice of Engineering examination in fire protection administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES).
(3) A P.E., or similar designation, licensed in a related engineering discipline and holding the grade of Professional Member in the Society of Fire Protection Engineers.
*Real property* means:
(1) Any interest in land, together with the improvements, structures, and fixtures located thereon (including prefabricated movable structures, such as Butler-type storage warehouses and Quonset huts, and house trailers with or without undercarriages), and appurtenances thereto, under the control of any Federal agency, except—
(i) The public domain;
(ii) Lands reserved or dedicated for national forest or national park purposes;
(iii) Minerals in lands or portions of lands withdrawn or reserved from the public domain that the Secretary of the Interior determines are suitable for disposition under the public land mining and mineral leasing laws;
(iv) Lands withdrawn or reserved from the public domain but not including lands or portions of lands so withdrawn or reserved that the Secretary of the Interior, with the concurrence of the Administrator of General Services, determines are not suitable for return to the public domain for disposition under the general public land laws because such lands are substantially changed in character by improvements or otherwise; and
(v) Crops when designated by such agency for disposition by severance and removal from the land.
(2) Improvements of any kind, structures, and fixtures under the control of any Federal agency when designated by such agency for disposition without the underlying land (including such as may be located on the public domain, on lands withdrawn or reserved from the public domain, on lands reserved or dedicated for national forest or national park purposes, or on lands that are not owned by the United States) excluding, however, prefabricated movable structures, such as Butler-type storage warehouses and Quonset huts, and house trailers (with or without undercarriages).
(3) Standing timber and embedded gravel, sand, or stone under the control of any Federal agency, whether designated by such agency for disposition with the land or by severance and removal from the land, excluding timber felled, and gravel, sand, or stone excavated by or for the Government prior to disposition.
*Reasonable worst-case fire scenario* means a combination of an ignition source, fuel items, and a building location likely to produce a fire that would have a significant adverse impact on the building and its occupants. The development of reasonable worst-case scenarios must include consideration of types and forms of fuels present (*e.g.,* furniture, trash, paper, chemicals), potential fire ignition locations (*e.g.,* bedroom, office, closet, corridor), occupant capabilities (*e.g.,* awake, intoxicated, mentally or physically impaired), numbers of occupants, detection and suppression system adequacy and reliability, and fire department capabilities. A quantitative analysis of the probability of occurrence of each scenario and combination of events will be necessary.
*Repairs* means those additions or changes that are necessary for the protection and maintenance of property to deter or prevent excessive or rapid deterioration or obsolescence, and to restore property damaged by storm, flood, fire, accident, or earthquake.
*Room of origin* means an area of a building where a fire can be expected to start. Typically, the size of the area will be determined by the walls, floor, and ceiling surrounding the space. However, this could lead to unacceptably large areas in the case of open plan office space or similar arrangements. Therefore, the maximum allowable fire area should be limited to 200 m2 (2000 ft2), including intervening spaces. In the case of residential units, an entire apartment occupied by one tenant could be considered as the room of origin to the extent it did not exceed the 200 m2 (2000 ft2) limitation.
*State* means the fifty States, political subdivisions thereof, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealths of Puerto Rico and Guam, and the territories and possessions of the United States.
*Tobacco product* means any item made or derived from tobacco that is intended for human consumption, including any component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product (except for raw materials other than tobacco used in manufacturing a component, part, or accessory of a tobacco product). Tobacco product does not mean any item specifically excluded by the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. 301 *et seq.*
*Upon approval from GSA* means when an agency either has a delegation of authority document from the Administrator of General Services or written approval from the Administrator or his/her designee before proceeding with a specified action.