45 CFR § 1149.2 - Definitions.

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t45/s1149.2"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "45 CFR § 1149.2 - Definitions."
title_number: 45
title_name: "Public Welfare"
section_number: "1149.2"
section_name: "Definitions."
chapter_name: "NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES"
subchapter_number: "B"
subchapter_name: "NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS"
part_number: "1149"
part_name: "PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONS"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-04-05"
last_updated: "2026-04-05"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "5 U.S.C. App. 8G(a)(2); 20 U.S.C. 959; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note; 31 U.S.C. 3801-3812."
regulatory_source: "79 FR 67081, Nov. 12, 2014, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "1149"
---


# 1149.2 Definitions.

For the purposes of this part—

*Authority* means the National Endowment for the Arts.

*Authority Head* means the Chairperson/head of the National Endowment for the Arts or the Chairperson/authority head/s designee.

*Benefit* means anything of value, including but not limited to, any advantage, preference, privilege, license, permit, favorable decision, ruling, status, or loan guarantee.

*Defendant* means any person alleged in a complaint to be liable for a civil penalty or assessment pursuant to the PFCRA.

*Government* means the United States Government.

*Group of related claims submitted at the same time* means only those claims arising from the same transaction (such as a grant, loan, application, or contract) which are submitted together as part of a single request, demand, or submission.

*Initial decision* means the written decision of the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ), and includes a revised initial decision issued following a remand or a motion for reconsideration.

*Investigating official* means:

(1) The NEA Inspector General; or

(2) A designee of the NEA Inspector General.

*Knows* or *has reason to know* means that a person:

(1) Has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or

(2) Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or

(3) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement.

*Makes,* whenever it appears, must include the terms *presents, submits,* and *causes to be made, presented, or submitted.* As the context requires, *making* or *made* must likewise include the corresponding forms of such terms.

*Person* means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or private organization, and includes the plural of that term.

*Representative* means an attorney who is in good standing of the bar of any State, Territory, or possession of the United States, or of the District of Columbia, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any other individual designated in writing by you.

*Reviewing official* means the General Counsel of the NEA or the General Counsel's designee.