45 CFR § 2554.6 - What does the phrase “know or have reason to know” mean?

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t45/s2554.6"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "45 CFR § 2554.6 - What does the phrase “know or have reason to know” mean?"
title_number: 45
title_name: "Public Welfare"
section_number: "2554.6"
section_name: "What does the phrase “know or have reason to know” mean?"
chapter_name: "CORPORATION FOR NATIONAL AND COMMUNITY SERVICE"
part_number: "2554"
part_name: "PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL REMEDIES ACT REGULATIONS"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-03-24"
last_updated: "2026-03-24"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "Pub. L. 99-509, Secs. 6101-6104, 100 Stat. 1874 (31 U.S.C. 3801-3812); 42 U.S.C. 12651c-12651d."
regulatory_source: "72 FR 61912, Oct. 20, 2006, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "2554"
---


# 2554.6 What does the phrase “know or have reason to know” mean?

A person knows or has reason to know (that a claim or statement is false) if the person:

(a) Has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or

(b) Acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or

(c) Acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement.