# Determination Pursuant to Section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, as Amended
**AGENCY:**
Office of the Secretary, Department of Homeland Security.
**ACTION:**
Notice of determination.
**SUMMARY:**
The Secretary of Homeland Security has determined, pursuant to law, that it is necessary to waive certain laws, regulations, and other legal requirements in order to ensure the expeditious construction of barriers and roads in the vicinity of the international land border near Tecate and Calexico, California.
**DATES:**
This determination takes effect on May 15, 2019.
**SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:**
Important mission requirements of the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) include border security and the detection and prevention of illegal entry into the United States. Border security is critical to the nation's national security. Recognizing the critical importance of border security, Congress has mandated DHS to achieve and maintain operational control of the international land border. Secure Fence Act of 2006, Public Law 109-367, 2, 120 Stat. 2638 (Oct. 26, 2006) (8 U.S.C. 1701 note). Congress defined “operational control” as the prevention of all unlawful entries into the United States, including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. *Id.* Consistent with that mandate from Congress, the President's Executive Order on Border Security and Immigration Enforcement Improvements directed executive departments and agencies to deploy all lawful means to secure the southern border. Executive Order 13767, § 1. In order to achieve that end, the President directed, among other things, that I take immediate steps to prevent all unlawful entries into the United States, including the immediate construction of physical infrastructure to prevent illegal entry. Executive Order 13767, § 4(a).
Congress has provided to the Secretary of Homeland Security a number of authorities necessary to carry out DHS's border security mission. One of those authorities is section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, as amended (“IIRIRA”). Public Law 104-208, Div. C, 110 Stat. 3009-546, 3009-554 (Sept. 30, 1996) (8 U.S.C 1103 note), as amended by the REAL ID Act of 2005, Public Law 109-13, Div. B, 119 Stat. 231, 302, 306 (May 11, 2005) (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by the Secure Fence Act of 2006, Public Law 109-367, 3, 120 Stat. 2638 (Oct. 26, 2006) (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2008, Public Law 110-161, Div. E, Title V, § 564, 121 Stat. 2090 (Dec. 26, 2007). In section 102(a) of IIRIRA, Congress provided that the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take such actions as may be necessary to install additional physical barriers and roads (including the removal of obstacles to detection of illegal entrants) in the vicinity of the United States border to deter illegal crossings in areas of high illegal entry into the United States. In section 102(b) of IIRIRA, Congress mandated the installation of additional fencing, barriers, roads, lighting, cameras, and sensors on the southwest border. Finally, in section 102(c) of IIRIRA, Congress granted to the Secretary of Homeland Security the authority to waive all legal requirements that I, in my sole discretion, determine necessary to ensure the expeditious construction of barriers and roads authorized by section 102 of IIRIRA.
**Determination and Waiver**
**Section 1**
The United States Border Patrol's (Border Patrol) San Diego and El Centro Sectors are areas of high illegal entry. In fiscal year 2018 alone, the Border Patrol apprehended over 38,000 illegal aliens attempting to enter the United States between border crossings in the San Diego Sector. In that same year, the Border Patrol had over 500 separate drug-related events between border crossings in the San Diego Sector, through which it seized approximately 8,700 pounds of marijuana, approximately 1,800 pounds of cocaine, over 175 pounds of heroin, and over 5,100 pounds of methamphetamine. In fiscal year 2018, the Border Patrol apprehended over 29,000 illegal aliens attempting to enter the United States between border crossings in the El Centro Sector. Also in fiscal year 2018, the Border Patrol had approximately 200 separate drug-related events between border crossings in the El Centro Sector, through which it seized over 620 pounds of marijuana, over 165 pounds of cocaine, over 56 pounds of heroin, and over 1,600 pounds of methamphetamine.
Due to the high levels of illegal entry within the San Diego and El Centro Sectors, I must use my authority under section 102 of IIRIRA to install additional physical barriers and roads in the San Diego and El Centro Sectors. Therefore, DHS will take immediate action to replace existing barriers in the San Diego and El Centro Sectors. The segments of the border within which such construction will occur are referred to herein as the “project areas” and are more specifically described in Section 2 below. Congress provided funding for these projects in the Fiscal Year 2018 DHS Appropriations Act, Public Law 115-141, Division F, Title II, § 230.
The replacement of primary fencing within the project areas will further the Border Patrol's ability to deter and prevent illegal crossings. The existing barriers were constructed between the early-to-mid 1990s and mid-to-late 2000s. The existing barriers will be replaced with 18 to 30 foot barriers that employ a more operationally effective design that is intended to meet the Border Patrol's operational requirements. In addition, DHS will, where necessary, make improvements to existing roads within the project areas.
**Section 2**
I determine that the following areas in the vicinity of the United States border, located in the State of California within the Border Patrol's San Diego and El Centro Sectors, are areas of high illegal entry (the “project areas”):
• Within the San Diego Sector, starting approximately one mile west of Border Monument 245 and extending east to approximately one mile east of Border Monument 243;
• Within the El Centro Sector, starting approximately one and one-half (1.5) miles west of Border Monument 223 and extending east approximately eight miles; and
• Within the El Centro Sector, starting at Border Monument 221 and extending east to Border Monument 219.
There is presently an acute and immediate need to construct physical barriers and roads in the vicinity of the border of the United States in order to prevent unlawful entries into the United States in the project areas pursuant to sections 102(a) and 102(b) of IIRIRA. In order to ensure the expeditious construction of the barriers and roads in the project areas, I have determined that it is necessary that I exercise the authority that is vested in me by section 102(c) of IIRIRA.
Accordingly, pursuant to section 102(c) of IIRIRA, I hereby waive in their entirety, with respect to the construction of roads and physical barriers (including, but not limited to, accessing the project areas, creating and using staging areas, the conduct of earthwork, excavation, fill, and site preparation, and installation and upkeep of physical barriers, roads, supporting elements, drainage, erosion controls, safety features, lighting, cameras, and sensors) in the project areas, all of the following statutes, including all federal, state, or other laws, regulations, and legal requirements of, deriving from, or related to the subject of, the following statutes, as amended:
The National Environmental Policy Act (Pub. L. 91-190, 83 Stat. 852 (Jan. 1, 1970) (42 U.S.C. 4321 *et seq.* )); the Endangered Species Act (Pub. L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884 (Dec. 28, 1973) (16 U.S.C. 1531 *et seq.* )); the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 *et seq.* )); the National Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 89-665, 80 Stat. 915 (Oct. 15, 1966), as amended, repealed, or replaced by Pub. L. 113-287 (Dec. 19, 2014) (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 470 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 100101 note and 54 U.S.C. 300101 *et seq.* )); the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 *et seq.* ); the Migratory Bird Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 715 *et seq.* ); the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 *et seq.* ); the Archeological Resources Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-95, 93 Stat. 721 (Oct. 31, 1979) (16 U.S.C. 470aa *et seq.* )); the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470aaa *et seq.* ); the Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988 (16 U.S.C. 4301 *et seq.* ); the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1241 *et seq.* ); the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f *et seq.* ); the Noise Control Act (42 U.S.C. 4901 *et seq.* ); the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 *et seq.* ); the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (42 U.S.C. 9601 *et seq.* ); the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 86-523, 74 Stat. 220 (June 27, 1960) as amended, repealed, or replaced by Pub. L. 113-287, 128 Stat. 3094 (Dec. 19, 2014) (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 469 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 312502 *et seq.* )); the Antiquities Act (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 431 *et seq.,* now codified 54 U.S.C. 320301 *et seq.* ); the Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 461 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 3201-320303 & 320101-320106); the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Pub. L. 90-542 (16 U.S.C. 1281 *et seq.* )); the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C. 4201 *et seq.* ); the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (Pub. L. 94-579, 90 Stat. 2743 (Oct. 21, 1976) (43 U.S.C. 1701 *et seq.* )); National Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (Pub. L. 84-1024, 70 Stat. 1119 (Aug. 8, 1956) (16 U.S.C. 742a, *et seq.* )); the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (Pub. L. 73-121, 48 Stat. 401 (March 10, 1934) (16 U.S.C. 661 *et seq.* )); the Wild Horse and Burro Act (16 U.S.C. 1331 *et seq.* ); the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 *et seq.* ); the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 (33 U.S.C. 403); the Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 *et seq.* ); the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 *et seq.* ); the American Indian Religious Freedom Act (42 U.S.C. 1996); and 43 U.S.C. 387.
This waiver does not revoke or supersede the previous waivers published in the *Federal Register* on April 8, 2008 (73 FR 19078), and on September 12, 2017 (82 FR 42829), which shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms. I reserve the authority to execute further waivers from time to time as I may determine to be necessary under section 102 of IIRIRA.
Kevin K. McAleenan,
Acting Secretary of Homeland Security.