# Determination Pursuant to Section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, as Amended
**AGENCY:**
Office of the Secretary, Department of Homeland Security.
**ACTION:**
Notice of determination.
**SUMMARY:**
The Secretary of Homeland Security has determined, pursuant to law, that it is necessary to waive certain laws, regulations, and other legal requirements in order to ensure the expeditious construction of barriers and roads in the vicinity of the international land border in the state of Arizona.
**DATES:**
This determination takes effect on June 5, 2025.
**SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:**
Important mission requirements of the Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) include border security and the detection and prevention of illegal entry into the United States. Border security is critical to the nation's national security. Recognizing the critical importance of border security, Congress has mandated DHS to achieve and maintain operational control of the international land border. Secure Fence Act of 2006, Public Law 109-367, section 2, 120 Stat. 2638 (Oct. 26, 2006) (8 U.S.C. 1701 note). Congress defined “operational control” as the prevention of all unlawful entries into the United States, including entries by terrorists, other unlawful aliens, instruments of terrorism, narcotics, and other contraband. *Id.* Consistent with that mandate, the President's Executive Order on Securing Our Borders directs that I take all appropriate action to deploy and construct physical barriers to ensure complete operational control of the southern border of the United States. Executive Order 14165, section 3 (Jan. 20, 2025).
Congress has provided to the Secretary of Homeland Security a number of authorities necessary to carry out DHS's border security mission. One of those authorities is found at section 102 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, as amended (“IIRIRA”). Public Law 104-208, Div. C, 110 Stat. 3009-546, 3009-554 (Sept. 30, 1996) (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by the REAL ID Act of 2005, Public Law 109-13, Div. B, 119 Stat. 231, 302, 306 (May 11, 2005) (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by the Secure Fence Act of 2006, Public Law 109-367, section 3, 120 Stat. 2638 (Oct. 26, 2006) (8 U.S.C. 1103 note), as amended by the Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act, 2008, Public Law 110-161, Div. E, Title V, section 564, 121 Stat. 2090 (Dec. 26, 2007). In section 102(a) of IIRIRA, Congress provided that the Secretary of Homeland Security shall take such actions as may be necessary to install additional physical barriers and roads (including the removal of obstacles to detection of illegal entrants) in the vicinity of the United States border to deter illegal crossings in areas of high illegal entry into the United States. In section 102(b) of IIRIRA, Congress mandated the installation of additional fencing, barriers, roads, lighting, cameras, and sensors on the southwest border. Finally, in section 102(c) of IIRIRA, Congress granted to the Secretary of Homeland Security the authority to waive all legal requirements that I, in my sole discretion, determine necessary to ensure the expeditious construction of barriers and roads authorized by section 102 of IIRIRA.
**Determination and Waiver**
**Section 1**
The United States Border Patrol Tucson Sector is an area of high illegal entry. In fiscal year 2024, the United States Border Patrol (“Border Patrol”) apprehended over 463,000 illegal aliens attempting to enter the United States between border crossings in the Tucson Sector. In that same time period, Border Patrol seized over 473 pounds of marijuana, 70 pounds of cocaine, three pounds of heroin, over 550 pounds of methamphetamine, and 1,130 pounds of fentanyl.
Owing to the high levels of illegal entry within the Tucson Sector, I must use my authority under section 102 of IIRIRA to install additional barriers and roads in the Tucson Sector. Therefore, DHS will take immediate action to construct additional barriers and roads in segments of the border in the Tucson Sector. The segments where such construction will occur are referred to herein as the “project area,” which is more specifically described in Section 2 below.
**Section 2**
I determine that the following area in the vicinity of the United States border, located in the State of Arizona within the U. S. Border Patrol Tucson Sector, is an area of high illegal entry (the “project area”):
• Starting approximately one (1.0) mile west of Border Monument 121 and extending east along the border to Border Monument 117; and
• Starting at Border Monument 99 and extending west along the border for approximately thirty-three and four tenths (33.4) miles.
There is presently an acute and immediate need to construct additional physical barriers and roads in the vicinity of the border of the United States in order to prevent unlawful entries into the United States in the project area pursuant to section 102(a) of IIRIRA. In order to ensure the expeditious construction of additional physical barriers and roads in the project area, I have determined that it is necessary that I exercise the authority that is vested in me by section 102(c) of IIRIRA.
Accordingly, pursuant to section 102(c) of IIRIRA, I hereby waive in their entirety, with respect to the construction of physical barriers and roads (including, but not limited to, accessing the project areas, creating and using staging areas, the conduct of earthwork, excavation, fill, and site preparation, drainage and erosion control, and installation and upkeep of physical barriers and roads) in the project area, all of the following statutes, including all federal, state, or other laws, regulations, and legal requirements of, deriving from, or related to the subject of, the following statutes, as amended: The National Environmental Policy Act (Pub. L. 91-190, 83 Stat. 852 (Jan. 1, 1970) (42 U.S.C. 4321 *et seq.* )); the Endangered Species Act (Pub. L. 93-205, 87 Stat. 884 (Dec. 28, 1973) (16 U.S.C. 1531 *et seq.* )); the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (commonly referred to as the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 *et seq.* )); the National Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 89-665, 80 Stat. 915 (Oct. 15, 1966), as amended, repealed, or replaced by Public Law 113-287 (Dec. 19, 2014) (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 470 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 100101 note and 54 U.S.C. 300101 *et seq.* )); the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 *et seq.* ); the Migratory Bird Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 715 *et seq.* ); the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 *et seq.* ); the Archeological Resources Protection Act (Pub. L. 96-95 (16 U.S.C. 470aa *et seq.* )); the Paleontological Resources Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470aaa *et seq.* ); the Federal Cave Resources Protection Act of 1988 (16 U.S.C. 4301 *et seq.* ); the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1241 *et seq.* ), the Safe Drinking Water Act (42 U.S.C. 300f *et seq.* ); the Noise Control Act (42 U.S.C. 4901 *et seq.* ); the Solid Waste Disposal Act, as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (42 U.S.C. 6901 *et seq.* ); the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (42 U.S.C. 9601 *et seq.* ); the Archaeological and Historic Preservation Act (Pub. L. 86-523, as amended, repealed, or replaced by Public Law 113-287 (Dec. 19, 2014) (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 469 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 312502 *et seq.* )); the Antiquities Act (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 431 *et seq.* and 16 U.S.C. 431a *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 320301 *et seq.* ); the Historic Sites, Buildings, and Antiquities Act (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 461 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 320301-320303 & 320101-320106); the Eagle Protection Act (16 U.S.C. 668 *et seq.* ); the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (25 U.S.C. 3001 *et seq.* ); the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. 551 *et seq.* ); Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (42 U.S.C. 17094); the National Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (Pub. L. 84-1024 (16 U.S.C. 742a, *et seq.* )); the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act (Pub. L. 73-121 (16 U.S.C. 661 *et seq.* )); the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (Pub. L. 90-542 (16 U.S.C. 1281 *et seq.* )); the Farmland Protection Policy Act (7 U.S.C. 4201 *et seq.* ); the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (Pub L. 94-579 (43 U.S.C. 1701 *et seq.* )); the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (Pub. L. 89-669 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee)); the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Pub. L. 105-57); the Wild Horse and Burro Act (16 U.S.C. 1331 *et seq.* ); the National Park Service Organic Act and the National Park Service General Authorities Act (Pub. L. 64-235, 39 Stat. 535 (Aug. 25, 1916) and Public Law 91-383, 84 Stat. 825 (Aug. 18, 1970) as amended, repealed, or replaced by Public Law 113-287, 128 Stat. 3094 (Dec. 19, 2014) (formerly codified at 16 U.S.C. 1, 2-4 and 16 U.S.C. 1a-1 *et seq.,* now codified at 54 U.S.C. 100101-100102, 54 U.S.C. 100301-100303, 54 U.S.C. 100501-100507, 54 U.S.C. 100701-100707, 54 U.S.C. 100721-100725, 54 U.S.C. 100751-100755, 54 U.S.C. 100901-100906, 54 U.S.C. 102101-102102)); 16 U.S.C. 450y (Pub. L. 77-216, 55 Stat. 630 (Aug. 18, 1941), as amended by Public Law 82-478, 66 Stat. 510 (July 9, 1952)); 67 Stat. c18 (Nov. 5, 1952); The National Forest Management Act of 1976 (16 U.S.C. 1600 *et seq.* ); The Multiple Use and Sustained Yield Act of 1960 (16 U.S.C. 528-531).
This waiver does not revoke or supersede any other waiver determination made pursuant to section 102(c) of IIRIRA. Such waivers shall remain in full force and effect in accordance with their terms. I reserve the authority to execute further waivers from time to time as I may determine to be necessary under section 102 of IIRIRA.
Kristi Noem,
Secretary of Homeland Security.