# Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Initiation of 5-Year Status Reviews for 56 Pacific Southwest Species
**AGENCY:**
Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.
**ACTION:**
Notice of initiation of reviews; request for information.
**SUMMARY:**
We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are initiating 5-year status reviews under the Endangered Species Act for 56 species. A 5-year status review is based on the best scientific and commercial data available at the time of the review; therefore, we are requesting submission of any new information on these species that has become available since the last reviews.
**DATES:**
To ensure consideration of your information in our reviews, we must receive your comments or information on or before May 8, 2026. However, we will continue to accept new information about any species at any time.
**ADDRESSES:**
For instructions on how to submit information for a species, see table 1 in the *SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION* section.
**FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:**
To request information on specific species, contact the appropriate person in the table in the *SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION* section or, for general information, contact Bjorn Erickson, via phone at (916) 414-6741, via email at *[email protected],* or via U.S. mail at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2606, Sacramento, CA 95825. Individuals in the United States who are deaf, deafblind, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability may dial 711 (TTY, TDD, or TeleBraille) to access telecommunications relay services. Individuals outside the United States should use the relay services offered within their country to make international calls to the point-of-contact in the United States.
**SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:**
We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, are initiating 5-year status reviews under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 *et seq.* ), for 22 animal species and 34 plant species. A 5-year status review is based on the best scientific and commercial data available at the time of the review; therefore, we are requesting submission of any such information that has become available since the last review for the species, particularly information on the status, threats, and recovery of the species.
**Why do we conduct a 5-year review?**
Under the ESA, we maintain Lists of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants (which we collectively refer to as the List) in title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) at 50 CFR 17.11 (for wildlife) and 50 CFR 17.12 (for plants). Section 4(c)(2)(A) of the ESA requires us to review each listed species' status at least once every 5 years. Our regulation at 50 CFR 424.21 requires that we publish a notice in the *Federal Register* announcing that a species is under active review. For additional information about 5-year reviews, refer to our fact sheet at *https://www.fws.gov/project/five-year-status-reviews.*
**What information do we consider in our review?**
A 5-year status review considers all new information available at the time of the review. In conducting these reviews, we consider the best scientific and commercial data that have become available since the current listing determination or most recent status review of each species, such as:
A. Species biology, including but not limited to population trends, distribution, abundance, demographics, and genetics;
B. Habitat conditions, including but not limited to amount, distribution, and suitability;
C. Conservation measures that have been implemented that benefit the species;
D. Threat status and trends in relation to the five listing factors (as defined in section 4(a)(1) of the ESA); and
E. Other new information, data, or corrections, including but not limited to taxonomic or nomenclatural changes, identification of erroneous information contained in the List, and improved analytical methods.
Any new information will be considered during the 5-year status review and will also be useful in evaluating the ongoing recovery programs for the species.
**Which species are under review?**
This notice announces 5-year status reviews for the species listed in table 1.
| Common name | Scientific name | Listing | Locations where the species is known to occur | Contact person, email, phone | Contact's mailing address |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | |
| | | | | | |
| Fox, Sierra Nevada red (Sierra Nevada DPS) | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Mouse, salt marsh harvest | | E | CA | Erin Cole,
916-930-2653 | USFWS, 650 Capitol Mall, Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95814. |
| Sheep, Peninsular bighorn | | E | CA, Mexico | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| | | | | | |
| Dace, Ash Meadows speckled | | E | NV | Kellie Berry,
702-515-5459 | USFWS, 4701 North Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130. |
| Pupfish, Warm Springs | | E | NV | Kellie Berry,
702-515-5459 | USFWS, 4701 North Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130. |
| Spinedace, Big Spring | | T | NV | Kellie Berry,
702-515-5459 | USFWS, 4701 North Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130. |
| Spinedace, White River | | E | NV | Kellie Berry,
702-515-5459 | USFWS, 4701 North Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130. |
| Springfish, Railroad Valley | | T | NV | Anne Mankowski,
775-861-6300 | USFWS, 1340 Financial Boulevard, Suite 234, Reno, NV 89502. |
| Stickleback, unarmored threespine | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| | | | | | |
| Salamander, California tiger (Sonoma County DPS) | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| | | | | | |
| Butterfly, San Bruno elfin | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Beetle, valley elderberry longhorn | | T | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Beetle, delta green ground | | T | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Butterfly, bay checkerspot | | T | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Butterfly, El Segundo blue | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Butterfly, Smith's blue | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Butterfly, Palos Verdes blue | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Butterfly, mission blue | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Beetle, Mount Hermon June | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Fly, Delhi Sands flower-loving | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Butterfly, Myrtle's silverspot | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Grasshopper, Zayante band-winged | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| | | | | | |
| Thornmint, San Mateo | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Ambrosia, San Diego | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Fiddleneck, large-flowered | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Sandwort, Bear Valley | | T | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Milk-vetch, Ventura Marsh | var. | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Crownscale, San Jacinto Valley | var. | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Baccharis, Encinitas | | T | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Barberry, Nevin's | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Barberry, island | ssp. | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Mariposa lily, Tiburon | | T | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Paintbrush, Tiburon | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Mountain-mahogany, Catalina Island | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Amole, purple | | T | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Spineflower, Orcutt's | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Thistle, fountain | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Thistle, Suisun | var. | E | CA | Erin Cole,
916-930-2653 | USFWS, 650 Capitol Mall, Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95814. |
| Cypress, Santa Cruz | | T | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Cypress, Gowen | ssp.
) | T | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Monkeyflower, Vandenberg | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Dudleya, Santa Clara Valley | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Liveforever, Laguna Beach | | T | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Yerba santa, Lompoc | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Sunflower, San Mateo woolly | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Wallflower, Contra Costa | var. | E | CA | Erin Cole,
916-930-2653 | USFWS, 650 Capitol Mall, Suite 8-300, Sacramento, CA 95814. |
| Gilia, Hoffmann's slender-flowered | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
, 805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Dwarf-flax, Marin | | T | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Niterwort, Amargosa | | E | CA | Kellie Berry,
, 702-515-5459 | USFWS, 4701 North Torrey Pines Drive, Las Vegas, NV 89130. |
| Pentachaeta, white-rayed | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Piperia, Yadon's | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura, CA 93003. |
| Checker-mallow, pedate | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Jewelflower, Tiburon | | E | CA | Amber Aguilera,
916-414-6626 | USFWS, 2800 Cottage Way, Suite W-2605, Sacramento, CA 95825. |
| Taraxacum, California | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Mustard, slender-petaled | | E | CA | Bradd Bridges,
760-431-9440 | USFWS, 2177 Salk Avenue, Suite 250, Carlsbad, CA 92008. |
| Fringepod, Santa Cruz Island | | E | CA | Samantha Lantz,
805-677-3314 | USFWS, 2493 Portola Road, Suite B, Ventura CA 93003. |
**Request for New Information**
To ensure that a 5-year status review is complete and based on the best available scientific and commercial information, we request new information from all sources. See What Information Do We Consider in Our Review? for specific criteria. If you submit information, please support it with documentation such as maps, references, methods used to gather and analyze the data, and/or copies of any pertinent publications, reports, or letters by knowledgeable sources.
**How do I ask questions or provide information?**
If you wish to provide information for any species in table 1, please submit your comments and materials to the appropriate contact in the table. You may also direct questions to those contacts (also see *FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT* ).
**Public Availability of Comments**
Before including your address, phone number, email address, or other personal identifying information in your submission, you should be aware that your entire submission—including your personal identifying information—may be made publicly available at any time. Although you can request that personal information be withheld from public review, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so.
**Completed and Active Reviews**
A list of all completed and currently active 5-year status reviews can be found at *https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/report/species-five-year-review.*
**Authority**
This document is published under the authority of the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 *et seq.* ).
Paul Souza,
Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.