3 USC § 451 - Procedure for consideration of alleged violations

---
identifier: "/us/usc/t3/s451"
source: "usc"
legal_status: "official_legal_evidence"
title: "3 USC § 451 - Procedure for consideration of alleged violations"
title_number: 3
title_name: "THE PRESIDENT"
section_number: "451"
section_name: "Procedure for consideration of alleged violations"
chapter_number: 5
chapter_name: "EXTENSION OF CERTAIN RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS TO PRESIDENTIAL OFFICES"
subchapter_number: "III"
subchapter_name: "ADMINISTRATIVE AND JUDICIAL DISPUTE RESOLUTION PROCEDURES"
positive_law: true
currency: "119-84"
last_updated: "2026-03-26"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
source_credit: "(Added Pub. L. 104–331, § 2(a), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4067.)"
---


# § 451. Procedure for consideration of alleged violations

The procedure for consideration of alleged violations of part A of subchapter II consists of—

**(1)** counseling and mediation as provided in section 452; and

**(2)** election, as provided in section 453, of either—

**(A)** an administrative proceeding as provided in section 453(1) and judicial review as provided in section 1296 of title 28; or

**(B)** a civil action in a district court of the United States as provided in section 1346(g) of title 28.

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**Source Credit**: (Added Pub. L. 104–331, § 2(a), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4067.)