# § 471. Effective date
**(a)** **In General.—** Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, this chapter shall take effect on October 1, 1997.
**1** **Regulations.—** Sections 411(d), 412(c), 413(c), 414(c), 415(c), 416(c), 421(d), 425(d), 431(c), 431(d), 452(a), and 454(a) shall take effect on the date of enactment of this Act.[^1]
See References in Text note below.
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**Source Credit**: (Added Pub. L. 104–331, § 2(a), Oct. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 4068.)
## Editorial Notes
### References in Text
The date of enactment of this Act, referred to in subsec. (b), probably means the date of enactment of , which enacted this chapter and was approved .