# § 645. Definitions
In this chapter:
**(1)** The term “promotion zone” means a promotion eligibility category consisting of the officers on an active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category—
**(A)** who—
**(i)** in the case of officers in grades below colonel, for officers of the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force, or captain, for officers of the Navy, have neither (I) failed of selection for promotion to the next higher grade, nor (II) been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade (other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone); or
**(ii)** in the case of officers in the grade of colonel or brigadier general, for officers of the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Space Force, or captain or rear admiral (lower half), for officers of the Navy, have neither (I) not been recommended for promotion to the next higher grade when considered in the promotion zone, nor (II) been removed from a list of officers recommended for promotion to that grade (other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone); and
**(B)** are senior to the officer designated by the Secretary of the military department concerned to be the junior officer in the promotion zone eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade.
**(2)** The term “officers above the promotion zone” means a group of officers on an active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category who—
**(A)** are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;
**(B)** are in the same grade as those officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and
**(C)** are senior to the senior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.
**(3)** The term “officers below the promotion zone” means a group of officers on the active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category who—
**(A)** are eligible for consideration for promotion to the next higher grade;
**(B)** are in the same grade as the officers in the promotion zone for that competitive category; and
**(C)** are junior to the junior officer in the promotion zone for that competitive category.
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**Source Credit**: (Added Pub. L. 96–513, title I, § 105, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 2867; amended Pub. L. 97–86, title IV, § 405(b)(1), Dec. 1, 1981, 95 Stat. 1105; Pub. L. 98–525, title V, § 533(a), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2528; Pub. L. 99–145, title V, § 514(b)(1), Nov. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 628; Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(i)(1), Apr. 6, 1991, 105 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title V, § 521(e), Dec. 23, 2024, 138 Stat. 1881.)
## Editorial Notes
### Amendments
2024—Par. (1)(A). substituted “Marine Corps, and Space Force,” for “and Marine Corps,” in cls. (i) and (ii).
1991—Pars. (1) to (3). inserted “The term” after par. designations and lowercased initial letter of quoted phrases.
1985—Par. (1)(A)(ii). substituted “rear admiral (lower half)” for “commodore”.
1984—Par. (1)(A)(i)(II), (ii)(II). , inserted “(other than after having been placed on that list after a selection from below the promotion zone)”.
Par. (1)(B). , inserted “in the promotion zone” after “the junior officer” and struck out “in the promotion zone” after “higher grade”.
1981—Par. (1)(A)(ii). substituted “commodore” for “commodore admiral”.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Effective Date of 1981 Amendment
Amendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .
### Effective Date
Section effective , but the authority to prescribe regulations under this section effective on , see , set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under .