# § 2311. Definitions
As used in this chapter:
“Aircraft” means any contrivance now known or hereafter invented, used, or designed for navigation of or for flight in the air;
“Cattle” means one or more bulls, steers, oxen, cows, heifers, or calves, or the carcass or carcasses thereof;
“Livestock” means any domestic animals raised for home use, consumption, or profit, such as horses, pigs, llamas, goats, fowl, sheep, buffalo, and cattle, or the carcasses thereof;
“Money” means the legal tender of the United States or of any foreign country, or any counterfeit thereof;
“Motor vehicle” includes an automobile, automobile truck, automobile wagon, motorcycle, or any other self-propelled vehicle designed for running on land but not on rails;
“Securities” includes any note, stock certificate, bond, debenture, check, draft, warrant, traveler’s check, letter of credit, warehouse receipt, negotiable bill of lading, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate; valid or blank motor vehicle title; certificate of interest in property, tangible or intangible; instrument or document or writing evidencing ownership of goods, wares, and merchandise, or transferring or assigning any right, title, or interest in or to goods, wares, and merchandise; or, in general, any instrument commonly known as a “security”, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, warrant, or right to subscribe to or purchase any of the foregoing, or any forged, counterfeited, or spurious representation of any of the foregoing;
“Tax stamp” includes any tax stamp, tax token, tax meter imprint, or any other form of evidence of an obligation running to a State, or evidence of the discharge thereof;
“Value” means the face, par, or market value, whichever is the greatest, and the aggregate value of all goods, wares, and merchandise, securities, and money referred to in a single indictment shall constitute the value thereof.
“Vessel” means any watercraft or other contrivance used or designed for transportation or navigation on, under, or immediately above, water.
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**Source Credit**: (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 87–371, § 1, Oct. 4, 1961, 75 Stat. 802; Pub. L. 98–547, title II, § 202, Oct. 25, 1984, 98 Stat. 2770; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320912, Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2128; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 604(b)(20), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3507; Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(b)(8), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808; Pub. L. 109–177, title III, § 307(b)(1), Mar. 9, 2006, 120 Stat. 240.)
### Historical and Revision Notes
Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 408, 414(b), (c), 417, 419a(a) (, ; , §§ 2(b), (c), 5, , 795; , ; , ; , ).
The definitive provisions in each of said sections were separated therefrom and consolidated into this one section defining terms used in this chapter.
The definitions of “interstate or foreign commerce”, contained in said section 408 and in sections 414(a) and 419a(b) of title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in .
Other provisions of , U.S.C., 1940 ed., are incorporated in sections 2312 and 2313 of this title.
In the definition of “motor vehicle”, words “designed for running on land but not on rails” were substituted for “not designed for running on rails” so as to conform with the ruling in the case of v. . (1931, 51 S. Ct. 340, 283, U. S. 25, 75 L. Ed. 816), in which the Supreme Court held that “vehicle” is limited to vehicles running on land and that motor vehicle does not include an airplane.
In the paragraph defining “value” which came from said , U.S.C., 1940 ed., words “In the event that a defendant is charged in the same indictment with two or more violations of sections 413–419 of this title, then” were omitted and the same meaning was preserved by the substitution of the words “a single” for the word “such.”
Minor changes were made in phraseology.
## Editorial Notes
### Amendments
2006— inserted definition of “Vessel”.
2002— substituted semicolon for period at end of third par.
1996— substituted “Livestock” for “livestock” in third par.
1994— inserted definition of “livestock”.
1984— inserted “valid or blank motor vehicle title;” in definition of “Securities”.
1961— inserted definition of “Tax stamp”.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
Amendment by effective , see , set out as a note under .
### Short Title of 2004 Amendment
> “This title [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Anti-counterfeiting Amendments Act of 2004’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1997 Amendment
> “This Act [amending sections 2319 to 2320 of this title, sections 101, 506, and 507 of Title 17, Copyrights, and
>
> , Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘No Electronic Theft (NET) Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1996 Amendment
> “This Act [amending sections 1961, 2318, and 2320 of this title, sections 1116 and 1117 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade,
>
> , Copyrights, sections 1431, 1484, and 1526 of Title 19, Customs Duties, and
>
> , Transportation, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Anticounterfeiting Consumer Protection Act of 1996’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1992 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting sections 2119 and 2322 of this title, sections 2026a to 2026c and 2041 to 2044 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, sections 1646b and 1646c of Title 19, Customs Duties, and sections 3750a to 3750d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending sections 553, 981, 982, 2312, and 2313 of this title, sections 2021 to 2023, 2025, 2027, and 2034 of Title 15, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> , sections 2026a, 2026b, and 2041 of Title 15, and
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Anti Car Theft Act of 1992’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1984 Amendments
> “This Act [enacting sections 511, 512, 553, and 2320 [now 2321] of this title, sections 2021 to 2034 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and
>
> , Customs Duties, amending this section, sections 1961 and 2313 of this title, and
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Motor Vehicle Theft Law Enforcement Act of 1984’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This chapter [chapter XV (§§ 1501–1503) of title II of
>
> , enacting
>
> and amending sections 1116, 1117, and 1118 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade] may be cited as the ‘Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1982 Amendment
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> and amending
>
> and
>
> , Copyrights] may be cited as the ‘Piracy and Counterfeiting Amendments Act of 1982’.”
, , , provided:
### Counterfeiting of Trademarked and Copyrighted Merchandise; Congressional Statement of Findings
> **“(1)** has been connected with organized crime;
>
> **“(2)** deprives legitimate trademark and copyright owners of substantial revenues and consumer goodwill;
>
> **“(3)** poses health and safety threats to United States consumers;
>
> **“(4)** eliminates United States jobs; and
>
> **“(5)** is a multibillion-dollar drain on the United States economy.”
, , , provided that:
### Congressional Declaration of Purpose of 1984 Amendment
> **“(1)** to provide for the identification of certain motor vehicles and their major replacement parts to impede motor vehicle theft;
>
> **“(2)** to augment the Federal criminal penalties imposed upon persons trafficking in stolen motor vehicles;
>
> **“(3)** to encourage decreases in premiums charged consumers for motor vehicle theft insurance; and
>
> **“(4)** to reduce opportunities for exporting or importing stolen motor vehicles and off-highway mobile equipment.”
, , , provided that: