18 USC § 1231 - Transportation of strikebreakers

---
identifier: "/us/usc/t18/s1231"
source: "usc"
legal_status: "official_legal_evidence"
title: "18 USC § 1231 - Transportation of strikebreakers"
title_number: 18
title_name: "CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE"
section_number: "1231"
section_name: "Transportation of strikebreakers"
chapter_number: 57
chapter_name: "LABOR"
part_number: "I"
part_name: "CRIMES"
positive_law: true
currency: "119-84"
last_updated: "2026-04-21"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
source_credit: "(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 760; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 30, 63 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)"
---


# § 1231. Transportation of strikebreakers

Whoever willfully transports in interstate or foreign commerce any person who is employed or is to be employed for the purpose of obstructing or interfering by force or threats with (1) peaceful picketing by employees during any labor controversy affecting wages, hours, or conditions of labor, or (2) the exercise by employees of any of the rights of self-organization or collective bargaining; or

Whoever is knowingly transported or travels in interstate or foreign commerce for any of the purposes enumerated in this section—

Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both.

This section shall not apply to common carriers.

---

**Source Credit**: (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 760; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 30, 63 Stat. 94; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

### Historical and Revision Notes

### 1948 Act

Based on title 18, U.S.C., 1940 ed., § 407a (, ; , ).

Language designating offense as felony was omitted in uniformity with definitive . (See reviser’s note under .)

Words “and shall, upon conviction” were omitted as surplusage since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured.

Reference to persons aiding, abetting or causing was omitted as such persons are made principals by .

Changes were made in phraseology and arrangement, but without change of substance.

### 1949 Act

This section [section 30] corrects a typographical error in , U.S.C.

## Editorial Notes

### Amendments

1994— substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $5,000” in third par.

1949—Act , substituted “or travels in” for “in or travels” in second par.