# § 1905. Disclosure of confidential information generally
15 U.S.C. 1311–131
Whoever, being an officer or employee of the United States or of any department or agency thereof, any person acting on behalf of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, or agent of the Department of Justice as defined in the Antitrust Civil Process Act (4), or being an employee of a private sector organization who is or was assigned to an agency under chapter 37 of title 5, publishes, divulges, discloses, or makes known in any manner or to any extent not authorized by law any information coming to him in the course of his employment or official duties or by reason of any examination or investigation made by, or return, report or record made to or filed with, such department or agency or officer or employee thereof, which information concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of work, or apparatus, or to the identity, confidential statistical data, amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, firm, partnership, corporation, or association; or permits any income return or copy thereof or any book containing any abstract or particulars thereof to be seen or examined by any person except as provided by law; shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and shall be removed from office or employment.
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**Source Credit**: (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 791; Pub. L. 96–349, § 7(b), Sept. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 1158; Pub. L. 102–550, title XIII, § 1353, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3970; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(a)(8), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3498; Pub. L. 107–347, title II, § 209(d)(2), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2930; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title I, § 1161(d), July 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 2780.)
### Historical and Revision Notes
Based on , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade; , U.S.C., 1940 ed.; , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs Duties (R.S. § 3167; , ; , ; , title III, § 335, ; , ).
Section consolidates , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade; , U.S.C., 1940 ed., and , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Customs Duties.
Words “or of any department or agency thereof” and words “such department or agency” were inserted so as to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definition of “department” and “agency” in .)
References to the offenses as misdemeanors, contained in all of said sections, were omitted in view of definitive .
The provisions of , U.S.C., 1940 ed., relating to publication of income tax data by “any person”, were omitted as covered by , U.S.C., 1940 ed., Internal Revenue Code.
Minor changes were made in translations and phraseology.
## Editorial Notes
### References in Text
The Antitrust Civil Process Act, referred to in text, is , , , which is classified principally to chapter 34 (§ 1311 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.
### Amendments
2008— substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight”.
2002— inserted “or being an employee of a private sector organization who is or was assigned to an agency under chapter 37 of title 5,” after “(4),”.
1996— substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.
1992— inserted “any person acting on behalf of the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight,” after “or agency thereof,”.
1980— provided for punishment and removal from office of an agent of the Department of Justice as defined in the Antitrust Civil Process Act for disclosure of confidential information.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
Amendment by effective 120 days after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , Public Printing and Documents.