# § 9101. Definitions
In this chapter—
**(1)** “Government corporation” means a mixed-ownership Government corporation and a wholly owned Government corporation.
**(2)** “mixed-ownership Government corporation” means—
**(A)** the Central Bank for Cooperatives.
**(B)** the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
**(C)** the Federal Home Loan Banks.
**(D)** the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks.
**(E)** the Federal Land Banks.
**(F)** the National Credit Union Administration Central Liquidity Facility.
**(G)** the Regional Banks for Cooperatives.
**(H)** the Financing Corporation.
**(I)** the Resolution Trust Corporation.
**(J)** the Resolution Funding Corporation.
**(3)** “wholly owned Government corporation” means—
**(A)** the Commodity Credit Corporation.
**(B)** the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund.
**(C)** the Export-Import Bank of the United States.
**(D)** the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation.
**(E)** Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated.
**(F)** the Corporation for National and Community Service.
**(G)** the Government National Mortgage Association.
**(H)** the United States International Development Finance Corporation.
**(I)** the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation.
**(J)** the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.
**(K)** the Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation.
**(L)** the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development when carrying out duties and powers related to the Federal Housing Administration Fund.
**(M)** the Tennessee Valley Authority.
**(N)** the Panama Canal Commission.
**(O)** the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
**(P)** the International Clean Energy Foundation.
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**Source Credit**: (Pub. L. 97–258, §§ 1, 2(*l*)(1), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1041, 1062; Pub. L. 97–452, § 1(26), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2478; Pub. L. 100–86, title III, § 303, Aug. 10, 1987, 101 Stat. 597; Pub. L. 101–73, title III, § 307(e), title V, §§ 501(d), 511(b)(1), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 353, 394, 406; Pub. L. 102–486, title IX, § 902(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 2944; Pub. L. 103–82, title II, § 202(e)(1), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 888; Pub. L. 103–272, § 4(f)(1)(Z), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1363; Pub. L. 103–325, title I, § 104(e), Sept. 23, 1994, 108 Stat. 2168; Pub. L. 104–106, div. C, title XXXV, § 3530, Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 642; Pub. L. 104–127, title VII, § 722(b), Apr. 4, 1996, 110 Stat. 1115; Pub. L. 104–134, title III, § 3117(a), Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321–350; Pub. L. 104–287, § 4(2), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3388; Pub. L. 105–134, title IV, § 415(d)(2), Dec. 2, 1997, 111 Stat. 2590; Pub. L. 107–171, title VI, § 6201(d)(6), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 419; Pub. L. 108–199, div. D, title VI, § 614(e)(2), Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 223; Pub. L. 110–140, title IX, § 925(c)(2), Dec. 19, 2007, 121 Stat. 1737; Pub. L. 115–254, div. F, title VI, § 1470(u), Oct. 5, 2018, 132 Stat. 3519; Pub. L. 115–334, title VI, § 6602(b)(19), Dec. 20, 2018, 132 Stat. 4777; Pub. L. 116–260, div. AA, title V, § 512(c)(4), Dec. 27, 2020, 134 Stat. 2756.)
| Revised Section | Source (U.S. Code) | Source (Statutes at Large) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 9101(1) | (no source). | |
| 9101(2) | 31:856. | Dec. 6, 1945, ch. 557, § 201, 59 Stat. 600; July 26, 1956, ch. 741, § 201(a)(2), (3), 70 Stat. 667; Oct. 30, 1970, Pub. L. 91–518, § 804, 84 Stat. 1340; May 7, 1971, Pub. L. 92–12, § 4, 85 Stat. 37; Jan. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93–236, §§ 202(g)(1), 301(f) (last sentence), 87 Stat. 992, 1005; Feb. 5, 1976, Pub. L. 94–210, § 612(b), 90 Stat. 108; Aug. 20, 1978, Pub. L. 95–351, § 301(a), 92 Stat. 513; Nov. 10, 1978, Pub. L. 95–630, § 1805, 92 Stat. 3724; Aug. 13, 1981, Pub. L. 97–35, § 396(h)(1), 95 Stat. 440. |
| 9101(3) | 31:846. | Dec. 6, 1945, ch. 577, § 101, 59 Stat. 597; Aug. 10, 1948, ch. 832, § 501(b)(less proviso), 62 Stat. 1283; June 30, 1949, ch. 285, § 13, 63 Stat. 356; May 13, 1954, ch. 201, § 6, 68 Stat. 95; July 26, 1956, ch. 741, § 201(a)(1), 70 Stat. 667; June 30, 1958, Pub. L. 85–477, § 502(c), 72 Stat. 272; Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(u), 75 Stat. 774; May 25, 1967, Pub. L. 90–19, § 4, 81 Stat. 20; Aug. 1, 1968, Pub. L. 90–448, §§ 807(e), 1719(d), 82 Stat. 544, 610; Dec. 30, 1969, Pub. L. 91–175, § 501, 83 Stat. 825; Oct. 27, 1972, Pub. L. 92–578, § 15, 86 Stat. 1274; Sept. 2, 1974, Pub. L. 93–406, § 4002(g)(3), 88 Stat. 1005. |
Clause (1) is included because a number of the provisions of the chapter apply to mixed-ownership and wholly owned Government corporations, and the term “Government corporation” provides a simple phrase to refer to both of those kinds of corporations.
In clause (2)(A), “Amtrak” is substituted for “National Railroad Passenger Corporation” to conform to section 103(1) of the Rail Passenger Service Act ().
In clause (2)(I), the words “when the ownership, control, and operation of the Bank are converted under section 410(a) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 ()” are added because of 7:943(c) and 950(a).
In clause (3), the words “Regional Agricultural Credit Corporations” are omitted because the corporations were merged with and liquidated by the Regional Agricultural Credit Corporation of Washington, D.C., which was dissolved on . The words “Farmers Home Corporation” are omitted because the corporation never was activated. The words “Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation” are omitted because the corporation and the Division of Marketing and Marketing Agreements were consolidated into the Surplus Marketing Administration, which was merged into the Agricultural Marketing Administration, which was dissolved on . The words “Reconstruction Finance Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was abolished on . The words “Defense Plant Corporation; Defense Supplies Corporation; Metals Reserve Company; Rubber Reserve Company” are omitted because the corporations and companies were dissolved on . The words “War Damage Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was terminated on . The words “the RFC Mortgage Company” are omitted because the company was transferred to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, which was abolished on . The words “Disaster Loan Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on . The words “Inland Waterways Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was liquidated on . The words “Warrior River Terminal Company” are omitted because the company was transferred to the Inland Waterways Corporation, which was liquidated on . The words “Virgin Islands Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on . The words “United States Spruce Production Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on . The words “Institute of Inter-American Affairs” are omitted because the institute was transferred to the Foreign Operations Administration, which was abolished on . The words “Institute of Inter-American Transportation” are omitted because the institute was dissolved . The words “Inter-American Educational Foundation, Incorporated” are omitted because the foundation was succeeded by the Institute of Inter-American Affairs, which was transferred to the Foreign Operations Administration, which was abolished on . The words “Inter-American Navigation Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on . The words “Prencinradio, Incorporated” are omitted because Prencinradio, Incorporated was dissolved . The words “Cargoes, Incorporated” are omitted because Cargoes, Incorporated was dissolved . The words “Export-Import Bank of the United States” are substituted for “Export-Import Bank of Washington” because of (, ). The words “Petroleum Reserves Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was transferred to the Office of Economic Warfare, which was consolidated into the Foreign Economic Administration, which was transferred to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and changed to the War Assets Corporation. The War Assets Corporation was dissolved as soon as practicable after . The words “Rubber Development Corporation” are omitted because the certificate of incorporation expired on . The words “U. S. Commercial Company” are omitted because the company was liquidated after . The words “Smaller War Plants Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was abolished on . The words “Defense Homes Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was liquidated on . The words “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on . The words “United States Housing Corporation” are omitted because the corporation was terminated on . The words “Panama Railroad Company” (subsequently changed to “Panama Canal Company” by (ch. 1049, )), are omitted because of 22:ch. 51. The words “Tennessee Valley Associated Cooperatives, Incorporated” are omitted because the corporation was dissolved on .
In clause (3)(J), the words “until the ownership, control, and operation of the Bank are converted under section 410(a) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 ()” are added because of 7:943(c) and 950(a). Clause (L) is substituted for the “Federal Housing Administration” because of section 5 of the Department of Housing and Urban Development Act (, ).
### 1983 Act
This amends 31:9101(2) because the National Consumer Cooperative Bank is no longer a mixed-ownership Government corporation. Section 396(h)(1) and (i) of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (, ) provided that the Bank would cease being a mixed-ownership Government corporation on the day after the Final Government Equity Redemption Date. (, ), provided that the Redemption Date was .
## Editorial Notes
### Amendments
2020—Par. (3)(K). substituted “Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation” for “Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation”.
2018—Par. (2)(H) to (K). , redesignated subpars. (I) to (K) as (H) to (J), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (H) which read as follows: “the Rural Telephone Bank when the ownership, control, and operation of the Bank are converted under section 410(a) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 ().”
Par. (3)(H). substituted “United States International Development Finance Corporation” for “Overseas Private Investment Corporation”.
Par. (3)(K) to (R). , redesignated subpars. (L) to (N) and (P) to (R) as (K) to (P), respectively, and struck out former pars. (K) and (O) which read as follows:
“(K) the Rural Telephone Bank until the ownership, control, and operation of the Bank are converted under section 410(a) of the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 ().
“(O) the Uranium Enrichment Corporation.”
2007—Par. (3)(R). added subpar. (R).
2004—Par. (3)(Q). added subpar. (Q).
2002—Par. (3)(Q). struck out subpar. (Q) which read: “the Alternative Agricultural Research and Commercialization Corporation.”
1997—Par. (2). redesignated subpars. (B) to (L) as (A) to (K), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read: “Amtrak.”
1996—Par. (2)(J) to (M). , (B), redesignated subpars. (K) to (M) as (J) to (L), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (J), which read: “the United States Railway Association”.
Par. (3)(B). , substituted a period for the semicolon at end.
Par. (3)(N). , and , amended par. (3) identically, redesignating subpar. (N), relating to Uranium Enrichment Corporation, as (O).
Par. (3)(O). , which directed the amendment of par. (3) of this section by striking out subpar. (N) as added by , could not be executed because of the intervening identical amendments of par. (3) by and redesignating that subpar. (N) as (O).
, and , amended par. (3) identically, redesignating subpar. (N), relating to Uranium Enrichment Corporation, as (O).
Par. (3)(P). added subpar. (P).
Par. (3)(Q). , added subpar. (Q).
1994—Par. (2)(K). substituted “the” for “The”.
Par. (3)(B) to (N). added subpar. (B) and redesignated former subpars. (B) to (M) as (C) to (N), respectively.
1993—Par. (3)(E). added subpar. (E).
1992—Par. (3)(N). added subpar. (N) relating to the Uranium Enrichment Corporation.
1989—Par. (2)(L). , added subpar. (L).
Par. (2)(M). , added subpar. (M).
Par. (3)(E). , struck out subpar. (E) relating to Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.
1987—Par. (2)(K). added subpar. (K).
1983—Par. (2)(K). struck out subpar. (K) which had already been struck out by . See 1982 Amendment note below.
1982—Par. (2)(K). ()(1), struck out subpar. (K) relating to National Consumer Cooperative Bank.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
Amendment by effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in , Foreign Relations and Intercourse, see , set out as a note under , The Congress.
### Effective Date of 2007 Amendment
Amendment by effective on the date that is 1 day after , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , The Congress.
### Effective Date of 1996 Amendment
, , , provided that the amendment made by that section was to take effect as of the privatization date []. For definition of that term, see , The Public Health and Welfare.
### Effective Date of 1993 Amendment
Amendment by effective , see , set out as an Effective Date note under , The Public Health and Welfare.
### Effective Date of 1983 Amendment
Amendment effective , see , set out as a note under .
### Effective Date of 1982 Amendment
(), , , provided that the amendment made by that section is effective .
### Short Title
This chapter is popularly known as the Government Corporation Control Act. The Government Corporation Control Act was previously the official short title of , , which was classified generally to chapter 14 (§§ 841, 846–852, 856–859, 866–869) of former Title 31, Money and Finance. That act was primarily repealed and restated in chapter 91 of this title by , , , the first section of which enacted this title. For complete classification of act , to the Code, see Tables. For disposition of sections of former Title 31 to this title, see Disposition Table preceding .
### Dissolution of Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation
Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation dissolved on or before , and assets, obligations, indebtedness, and unobligated and unexpended balances of Corporation transferred, see , , , as amended, which was classified to section 872 of former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, prior to repeal by , , .
### Abolition of United States Railway Association and Transfer of Functions
The United States Railway Association was abolished effective , with all powers, duties, rights, and obligations of Association relating to Consolidated Rail Corporation under the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 ( et seq.) transferred to Secretary of Transportation on , and any securities of Corporation held by Association transferred to Secretary of Transportation on , see , Railroads.
### Compensation Practices of Government Corporations
For provisions relating to certain bonuses paid by mixed-ownership and wholly owned corporations listed in pars. (2) and (3) of this section, see Ex. Ord. No. 12976, , 60 F.R. 52829, set out as a note under , Government Organization and Employees.