# § 16456. Applicability
Except as otherwise specifically provided in this part, no provision of this part shall apply to, or be deemed to include—
**(1)** the United States;
**(2)** a State or any political subdivision of a State;
**(3)** any foreign governmental authority not operating in the United States;
**(4)** any agency, authority, or instrumentality of any entity referred to in paragraph (1), (2), or (3); or
**(5)** any officer, agent, or employee of any entity referred to in paragraph (1), (2), (3), or (4) acting as such in the course of his or her official duty.
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**Source Credit**: (Pub. L. 109–58, title XII, § 1268, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 976.)
## Editorial Notes
### References in Text
This part, referred to in text, was in the original “this subtitle”, meaning subtitle F (§§ 1261–1277) of title XII of , , , which enacted this part, amended sections 824 and 824m of Title 16, Conservation, repealed chapter 2C (§ 79 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade, and , and enacted provisions set out as notes under sections 15801 and 16451 of this title. For complete classification of subtitle F to the Code, see Short Title note set out under and Tables.