# § 609. Short title
This chapter may be cited as the “Communications Act of 1934.”
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**Source Credit**: (June 19, 1934, ch. 652, title VII, § 709, formerly title VI, § 609, 48 Stat. 1105; renumbered title VII, § 709, Pub. L. 98–549, § 6(a), Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2804.)
## Editorial Notes
### References in Text
This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original “this Act”, meaning , , known as the Communications Act of 1934, which enacted this chapter, amended , , Commerce and Trade, section 487 of former Title 46, Shipping, and sections 1, 2, 5, and 15 of former Title 49, Transportation, and repealed sections 484 to 487 of former Title 46. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Tables.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Short Title of 2025 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting
>
> , amending
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 223 and 223a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Tools to Address Known Exploitation by Immobilizing Technological Deepfakes on Websites and Networks Act’ or the ‘TAKE IT DOWN Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2024 Amendment
> “This title [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Spectrum and Secure Technology and Innovation Act of 2024’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2023 Amendment
> “This Act [amending sections 152, 153, and 276 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Martha Wright-Reed Just and Reasonable Communications Act of 2022’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2022 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting
>
> and provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Safe Connections Act of 2022’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2021 Amendment
> “This title [enacting and repealing
>
> and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> and
>
> , Labor] may be cited as the ‘Telecommunications Skilled Workforce Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2020 Amendment
> “This section [amending
>
> , repealing
>
> and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Don’t Break Up the T-Band Act of 2020’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> , amending
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘National Suicide Hotline Designation Act of 2020’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting subchapter VII of this chapter] may be cited as the ‘Broadband Deployment Accuracy and Technological Availability Act’ or the ‘Broadband DATA Act’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Preventing Illegal Radio Abuse Through Enforcement Act’ or the ‘PIRATE Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2019 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting sections 227b to 227b–2 of this title, amending
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Pallone-Thune Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence Act’ or the ‘Pallone-Thune TRACED Act’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This title [enacting
>
> , amending
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 325 and 562 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Television Viewer Protection Act of 2019’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2018 Amendment
> “This division [see Tables for classification] may be cited as the ‘Repack Airwaves Yielding Better Access for Users of Modern Services Act of 2018’ or the ‘RAY BAUM’S Act of 2018’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Improving Rural Call Quality and Reliability Act of 2017’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> and provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Kari’s Law Act of 2017’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2016 Amendment
> “This title [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Rural Healthcare Connectivity Act of 2016’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2014 Amendment
> “This Act [amending sections 325, 338, 534, and 543 of this title and sections 111, 119, and 122 of Title 17, Copyrights, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 325, 338, and 534 of this title and
>
> , and repealing provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘STELA Reauthorization Act of 2014’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> and provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Enhance Labeling, Accessing, and Branding of Electronic Licenses Act of 2014’ or the ‘E–LABEL Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2010 Amendment
> “This Act [amending
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Truth in Caller ID Act of 2009’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Commercial Advertisement Loudness Mitigation Act’ or the ‘CALM Act’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting sections 615c and 616 to 620 of this title, amending sections 153, 225, 303, 330, 402, 503, 610, and 613 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 153, 303, 613, and 619 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Twenty-First Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act of 2010’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2009 Amendment
> “This Act [amending sections 309 and 337 of this title and enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘DTV Delay Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2008 Amendment
> “This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘DTV Transition Assistance Act’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> and amending sections 222, 615a, 615b, and 942 of this title] may be cited as the ‘New and Emerging Technologies 911 Improvement Act of 2008’ or the ‘NET 911 Improvement Act of 2008’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2007 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Freedom Act Amendments Act of 2007’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2006 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting and repealing provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Call Home Act of 2006’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [amending
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act of 2005’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2005 Amendment
> “This Act [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Junk Fax Prevention Act of 2005’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2004 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting and amending provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2002 Amendment
> “This Act [amending
>
> , enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 309 and 337 of this title, amending provisions set out as a note under
>
> , and repealing provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Auction Reform Act of 2002’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2001 Amendment
> “This Act [amending provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Internet Tax Nondiscrimination Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 2000 Amendment
> “This subtitle [subtitle C (§§ 1731–1733) of title XVII of div. B of H.R. 5666, as enacted by
>
> , amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Neighborhood Children’s Internet Protection Act’.”
, , , 2763A–350, provided that:
### Short Title of 1999 Amendments
> “This section [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Community Broadcasters Protection Act of 1999’.”
, , , 1501A–594, provided that:
> “This Act [enacting sections 615 to 615b of this title, amending sections 222 and 251 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1998 Amendment
> “This title [enacting
>
> , amending sections 223 and 230 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 223 and 231 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Child Online Protection Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1996 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting sections 160, 161, 222, 230, 251 to 261, 271 to 276, 336, 363, 549, 560, 561, 571 to 573, 613, and 614 of this title and
>
> , Commerce and Trade, amending sections 151, 153 to 155, 204, 208, 214, 220, 221, 223 to 225, 228, 302a, 303, 305, 307 to 310, 312, 319, 330, 332, 360, 382, 385, 402, 522, 531 to 534, 537, 541 to 544a, 548, 552, 556, 557, 559, and 605 of this title, sections 18, 79, 79z–6, and 5714 of Title 15, and sections 1462, 1465, and 2422 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 151 to 153, 156, 157, 204, 214, 223, 228, 303, 308, 332, 534, 543, and 561 of this title and
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Telecommunications Act of 1996’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This title [enacting sections 230, 560, and 561 of this title, amending sections 223, 303, 330, 531, 532, and 559 of this title and sections 1462, 1465, and 2422 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 223, 303, and 561 of this title and
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Communications Decency Act of 1996’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1992 Amendments
> “This Act [enacting sections 334, 335, 534 to 537, 544a, 548, and 555a of this title, amending sections 325, 332, 522, 532, 533, 541 to 544, 546, 551 to 555, and 558 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 325, 521, 531, 543, and 554 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [amending sections 303b, 391, 393, and 396 of this title, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 303 and 396 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Public Telecommunications Act of 1992’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1991 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting
>
> , amending sections 152 and 331 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1990 Amendments
> “This Act [enacting sections 303a, 303b, and 394 of this title, amending
>
> , renumbering former
>
> as section 393a, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 303a and 394 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Children’s Television Act of 1990’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This title [enacting
>
> , amending
>
> , renumbering former
>
> as section 393a, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘National Endowment for Children’s Educational Television Act of 1990’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [enacting
>
> and provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Telephone Operator Consumer Services Improvement Act of 1990’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [amending sections 303 and 330 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990’.”
, , , provided that:
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> , amending sections 154, 156, 203, 303, 310, and 503 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Federal Communications Commission Authorization Act of 1990’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1988 Amendments
> “This Act [amending sections 391, 396, 398, 399, and 605 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 391 and 396 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Public Telecommunications Act of 1988’.”
, , , provided that:
> “This Act [amending sections 154 to 156, 158, 204, 208, and 405 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 154 and 156 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Communications Commission Authorization Act of 1988’.”
, , , provided that:
> “That this Act [amending
>
> and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Hearing Aid Compatibility Act of 1988’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1984 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting subchapter V–A of this chapter and
>
> , amending sections 152, 224, 309, and 605 of this title,
>
> , Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and
>
> , War and National Defense, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 521, 543, and 605 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1983 Amendments
> “This Act [enacting
>
> , amending sections 154, 156, 223, 310, 316, 396, and 503 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 156, 223, and 303 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Federal Communications Commission Authorization Act of 1983’.”
, , , provided that:
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> , amending
>
> , enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> , and amending provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Telecommunications for the Disabled Act of 1982’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1982 Amendment
> “This title [enacting sections 332 and 510 of this title, amending sections 153, 154, 155, 224, 301, 302a, 303, 304, 307, 309, 311, 312, 319, 402, 405, 408, 503, and 605 of this title and
>
> , Crimes and Criminal Procedure, and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Communications Amendments Act of 1982’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1981 Amendments
> “This Act [amending
>
> and
>
> , Railroads, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> and
>
> ] may be referred to as the ‘Record Carrier Competition Act of 1981’.”
, Dec 29, 1981, , provided that:
> “This chapter [chapter 1 (§§ 1221–1234) of subtitle B of title XII of
>
> , enacting sections 399a and 399b of this title, amending sections 391, 392, 396, 397, and 399 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Public Broadcasting Amendments Act of 1981’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1978 Amendments
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> , amending sections 390 to 392, 393, 394, and 396 to 398 of this title, repealing sections 392a and 395 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 390, 392, and 396 of this title and
>
> , Government Organization and Employees] may be cited as the ‘Public Telecommunications Financing Act of 1978’.”
, , , provided:
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> , amending sections 152, 503, and 504 of this title, repealing
>
> , and enacting provisions set out as a note under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Communications Act Amendments of 1978’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1976 Amendment
> “That this Act [enacting
>
> and amending sections 390, 391, 392, 395, 397, and 399 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Educational Broadcasting Facilities and Telecommunications Demonstration Act of 1976’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1975 Amendment
> “That this Act [amending sections 396 and 397 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Public Broadcasting Financing Act of 1975’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1971 Amendment
> “This Act [amending
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Federal-State Communications Joint Board Act’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1970 Amendment
> “That this Act [amending
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Public Broadcasting Financing Act of 1970’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1969 Amendment
> “That this Act [amending sections 391 and 396 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Educational Television and Radio Amendments of 1969’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1967 Amendment
> “That this Act [enacting sections 396, 398, and 399 of this title, amending sections 390 to 395 and 397 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 390 and 392 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Public Broadcasting Act of 1967’.”
, , , provided:
### Short Title of 1960 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting sections 508 and 509 of this title, amending sections 154, 307, 309, 311, 312, 313, 317, 319, 405, 503, and 504 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 309 and 405 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Communications Act Amendments, 1960’.”
, , , provided that:
### Short Title of 1952 Amendment
> “This Act [enacting
>
> , Crimes and Criminal Procedure, amending sections 153 to 155, 307 to 312, 315, 316, 319, 402, 405, 409, and 410 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under
>
> ] may be cited as the ‘Communications Act Amendments, 1952’.”
, , provided that: