# § 44. Definitions
The words defined in this section shall have the following meaning when found in this subchapter, to wit:
“Commerce” means commerce among the several States or with foreign nations, or in any Territory of the United States or in the District of Columbia, or between any such Territory and another, or between any such Territory and any State or foreign nation, or between the District of Columbia and any State or Territory or foreign nation.
“Corporation” shall be deemed to include any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members, and has shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, and any company, trust, so-called Massachusetts trust, or association, incorporated or unincorporated, without shares of capital or capital stock or certificates of interest, except partnerships, which is organized to carry on business for its own profit or that of its members.
“Documentary evidence” includes all documents, papers, correspondence, books of account, and financial and corporate records.47 U.S.C. 151
“Acts to regulate commerce” means subtitle IV of title 49 and the Communications Act of 1934 [ et seq.] and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto.July 2, 1890August 27, 1894August 27, 1894February 12, 1913October 15, 1914
“Antitrust Acts” means the Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies”, approved ; also sections 73 to 76, inclusive, of an Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes”, approved ; also the Act entitled “An Act to amend sections 73 and 76 of the Act of , entitled ‘An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes’ ”, approved ; and also the Act entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes”, approved .section 57a(f)(2) of this title
“Banks” means the types of banks and other financial institutions referred to in .
“Foreign law enforcement agency” means—
(1) any agency or judicial authority of a foreign government, including a foreign state, a political subdivision of a foreign state, or a multinational organization constituted by and comprised of foreign states, that is vested with law enforcement or investigative authority in civil, criminal, or administrative matters; and
(2) any multinational organization, to the extent that it is acting on behalf of an entity described in paragraph (1).
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**Source Credit**: (Sept. 26, 1914, ch. 311, § 4, 38 Stat. 719; Mar. 21, 1938, ch. 49, § 2, 52 Stat. 111; Pub. L. 102–242, title II, § 212(g)(1), Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2302; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title IV, § 14102(c)(2)(B), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1921; Pub. L. 109–455, §§ 2, 13, Dec. 22, 2006, 120 Stat. 3372, 3382; Pub. L. 112–203, § 1, Dec. 4, 2012, 126 Stat. 1484.)
### Amendment of Section
For repeal of amendment by , see Termination Date of 2006 Amendment note below.
## Editorial Notes
### References in Text
The Communications Act of 1934, referred to in text, is , , which is classified principally to chapter 5 (§ 151 et seq.) of Title 47, Telecommunications. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see and Tables.
The Act entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies,” approved , referred to in the text, is known as the Sherman Act, and is classified to sections 1 to 7 of this title.
Sections 73 to 76, inclusive, of an Act entitled “An Act to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other purposes”, approved , referred to in text, are known as the Wilson Tariff Act. Sections 73 to 76 are classified to sections 8 to 11 of this title.
Act , is set out as amendments to sections 8 and 11 of this title.
The Act entitled “An Act to supplement existing laws against unlawful restraints and monopolies, and for other purposes”, approved , referred to in text, is the Clayton Act. For classification of the Act to the Code, see References in Text note set out under .
### Codification
“Subtitle IV of title 49” substituted in text for “the Act entitled ‘An Act to regulate commerce’, approved , and all Acts amendatory thereof and supplementary thereto” on authority of , , , the first section of which enacted subtitle IV of Title 49, Transportation.
### Amendments
2012—, amended . See 2006 Amendment note below.
2006—, which added par. defining “Foreign law enforcement agency”, was repealed by , as amended by . See Termination Date of 2006 Amendment note below.
2002— substituted “73 to 76” for “73 to 77” in par. defining “Antitrust Acts”.
1991— added par. defining “Banks”.
1938—Act , amended section generally.
## Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
### Termination Date of 2006 Amendment
> “Effective
>
> , this Act [enacting sections 57b–2a, 57b–2b, 57c–1, and 57c–2 of this title, amending this section, sections 45, 46, 56, 57b–2, and 58 of this title, and
>
> , Banks and Banking, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and
>
> ], and the amendments made by this Act, are repealed, and any provision of law amended by this Act shall be amended to read as if this Act had not been enacted into law.”
, , , as amended by , , ; , , , provided that:
[, which delayed the repeal of , and reversion of any amended text, by substituting “” for “” in , set out above, was given effect to reflect the probable intent of Congress, notwithstanding that was enacted on .]
### Effective Date of 2002 Amendment
Amendment by effective , and applicable only with respect to cases commenced on or after , see , set out as a note under .
### Preservation of Existing Authority
> “The authority provided by this Act [see Termination Date of 2006 Amendment note above], and by the Federal Trade Commission Act (
>
> et seq.) and the Right to Financial Privacy Act [of 1978] (
>
> et seq.), as such Acts are amended by this Act, is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other authority vested in the Federal Trade Commission or any other officer of the United States.”
, , , provided that:
[, set out above, repealed effective , see , as amended, set out as a Termination Date of 2006 Amendment note above.]