Title 15, Chapter 2 — Federal Trade Commission; Promotion of Export Trade and Prevention of Unfair Methods of Competition

Section 41

Federal Trade Commission established; membership; vacancies; seal

Section 42

Employees; expenses

Section 43

Office and place of meeting

Section 44

Definitions

Section 45

Unfair methods of competition unlawful; prevention by Commission

Section 45a

Labels on products

Section 45b

Consumer review protection

Section 45c

Unfair and deceptive acts and practices relating to circumvention of ticket access control measures

Section 45d

Unfair or deceptive acts or practices with respect to substance use disorder treatment service and products

Section 45e

Office for the prevention of fraud targeting seniors

Section 45f

Collection, verification, and disclosure of information by online marketplaces to inform consumers

Section 46

Additional powers of Commission

Section 46a

Concurrent resolution essential to authorize investigations

Section 47

Reference of suits under antitrust statutes to Commission

Section 48

Information and assistance from departments

Section 49

Documentary evidence; depositions; witnesses

Section 50

Offenses and penalties

Section 51

Effect on other statutory provisions

Section 52

Dissemination of false advertisements

Section 53

False advertisements; injunctions and restraining orders

Section 54

False advertisements; penalties

Section 55

Additional definitions

Section 56

Commencement, defense, intervention and supervision of litigation and appeal by Commission or Attorney General

Section 57

Separability clause

Section 57a

Unfair or deceptive acts or practices rulemaking proceedings

Section 57a–1

Omitted

omitted

Section 57b

Civil actions for violations of rules and cease and desist orders respecting unfair or deceptive acts or practices

Section 57b–1

Civil investigative demands

Section 57b–2

Confidentiality

Section 57b–2a

Confidentiality and delayed notice of compulsory process for certain third parties

Section 57b–2b

Protection for voluntary provision of information

Section 57b–3

Rulemaking process

Section 57b–4

Good faith reliance on actions of Board of Governors

Section 57b–5

Agricultural cooperatives

Section 57c

Authorization of appropriations

Section 57c–1

Staff exchanges

Section 57c–2

Reimbursement of expenses

Section 58

Short title

Section 61

Export trade; definitions

Section 62

Export trade and antitrust legislation

Section 63

Acquisition of stock of export trade corporation

Section 64

Unfair methods of competition in export trade

Section 65

Information required from export trade corporation; powers of Federal Trade Commission

Section 66

Short title

Section 68

Definitions

Section 68a

Misbranding declared unlawful

Section 68b

Misbranded wool products

Section 68c

Stamp, tag, label, or other identification

Section 68d

Enforcement of subchapter

Section 68e

Condemnation and injunction proceedings

Section 68f

Exclusion of misbranded wool products

Section 68g

Guaranty

Section 68h

Criminal penalty

Section 68i

Application of other laws

Section 68j

Exceptions from subchapter

Section 69

Definitions

Section 69a

Violations of Federal Trade Commission Act

Section 69b

Misbranded fur products

Section 69c

False advertising and invoicing

Section 69d

Fur products imported into United States

Section 69e

Name guide for fur products

Section 69f

Enforcement of subchapter

Section 69g

Condemnation and injunction proceedings

Section 69h

Guaranty

Section 69i

Criminal penalty

Section 69j

Application of other laws

Section 70

Definitions

Section 70a

Violations of Federal Trade Commission Act

Section 70b

Misbranded and falsely advertised textile fiber products

Section 70c

Removal of stamp, tag, label, or other identification

Section 70d

Records

Section 70e

Enforcement

Section 70f

Injunction proceedings

Section 70g

Exclusion of misbranded textile fiber products

Section 70h

Guaranty

Section 70i

Criminal penalty

Section 70j

Exemptions

Section 70k

Application of other laws

Section 71

“Person” defined

Section 72

Repealed. Pub. L. 108–429, title II, § 2006(a), Dec. 3, 2004, 118 Stat. 2597

repealed

Section 73

Agreements involving restrictions in favor of imported goods

Section 74

Rules and regulations

Section 75

Retaliation against country prohibiting importations

Section 76

Retaliation against restriction of importations in time of war

Section 77

Discrimination against neutral Americans in time of war

Section 77a

Short title

Section 77b

Definitions; promotion of efficiency, competition, and capital formation

Section 77b–1

Swap agreements

Section 77c

Classes of securities under this subchapter

Section 77d

Exempted transactions

Section 77d–1

Requirements with respect to certain small transactions

Section 77e

Prohibitions relating to interstate commerce and the mails

Section 77f

Registration of securities

Section 77g

Information required in registration statement

Section 77h

Taking effect of registration statements and amendments thereto

Section 77h–1

Cease-and-desist proceedings

Section 77i

Court review of orders

Section 77j

Information required in prospectus

Section 77k

Civil liabilities on account of false registration statement

Section 77l

Civil liabilities arising in connection with prospectuses and communications

Section 77m

Limitation of actions

Section 77n

Contrary stipulations void

Section 77o

Liability of controlling persons

Section 77p

Additional remedies; limitation on remedies

Section 77q

Fraudulent interstate transactions

Section 77r

Exemption from State regulation of securities offerings

Section 77r–1

Preemption of State law

Section 77s

Special powers of Commission

Section 77t

Injunctions and prosecution of offenses

Section 77u

Hearings by Commission

Section 77v

Jurisdiction of offenses and suits

Section 77w

Unlawful representations

Section 77x

Penalties

Section 77y

Jurisdiction of other Government agencies over securities

Section 77z

Separability

Section 77z–1

Private securities litigation

Section 77z–2

Application of safe harbor for forward-looking statements

Section 77z–2a

Conflicts of interest relating to certain securitizations

Section 77z–3

General exemptive authority

Section 77z–4

Data standards

Section 77aa

Schedule of information required in registration statement

Section 77bb

“Corporation of Foreign Security Holders”; creation; principal office; branch offices

Section 77cc

Directors of Corporation; appointment, term of office, and removal

Section 77dd

Powers and duties of Corporation, generally

Section 77ee

Directors of Corporation, powers and duties generally

Section 77ff

Accounts and annual balance sheet of Corporation; audits

Section 77gg

Annual report by Corporation; printing and distribution

Section 77hh

Assessments by Corporation on holders of foreign securities

Section 77ii

Subscriptions accepted by Corporation as loans; repayment

Section 77jj

Loans to Corporation from Reconstruction Finance Corporation authorized

Section 77kk

Representations by Corporation as acting for Department of State or United States forbidden; interference with foreign negotiations forbidden

Section 77ll

Effective date of subchapter

Section 77mm

Short title

Section 77aaa

Short title

Section 77bbb

Necessity for regulation

Section 77ccc

Definitions

Section 77ddd

Exempted securities and transactions

Section 77eee

Securities required to be registered under Securities Act

Section 77fff

Securities not registered under Securities Act

Section 77ggg

Qualification of indentures covering securities not required to be registered

Section 77hhh

Integration of procedure with Securities Act and other Acts

Section 77iii

Effective time of qualification

Section 77jjj

Eligibility and disqualification of trustee

Section 77kkk

Preferential collection of claims against obligor

Section 77lll

Bondholders’ lists

Section 77mmm

Reports by indenture trustee

Section 77nnn

Reports by obligor; evidence of compliance with indenture provisions

Section 77ooo

Duties and responsibility of the trustee

Section 77ppp

Directions and waivers by bondholders; prohibition of impairment of holder’s right to payment; record date

Section 77qqq

Special powers of trustee; duties of paying agents

Section 77rrr

Effect of prescribed indenture provisions

Section 77sss

Rules, regulations, and orders

Section 77ttt

Hearings by Commission

Section 77uuu

Special powers of the Commission

Section 77vvv

Judicial review

Section 77www

Liability for misleading statements

Section 77xxx

Unlawful representations

Section 77yyy

Penalties

Section 77zzz

Effect on existing law

Section 77aaaa

Contrary stipulations void

Section 77bbbb

Separability

Section 78a

Short title

Section 78b

Necessity for regulation

Section 78c

Definitions and application

Section 78c–1

Swap agreements

Section 78c–2

Securities-related derivatives

Section 78c–3

Clearing for security-based swaps

Section 78c–4

Security-based swap execution facilities

Section 78c–5

Segregation of assets held as collateral in security-based swap transactions

Section 78d

Securities and Exchange Commission

Section 78d–1

Delegation of functions by Commission

Section 78d–2

Transfer of functions with respect to assignment of personnel to chairman

Section 78d–3

Appearance and practice before the Commission

Section 78d–4

Additional duties of Inspector General

Section 78d–5

Deadline for completing enforcement investigations and compliance examinations and inspections

Section 78d–6

Report and certification of internal supervisory controls

Section 78d–7

Triennial report on personnel management

Section 78d–8

Annual financial controls audit

Section 78d–9

Report on oversight of national securities associations

Section 78e

Transactions on unregistered exchanges

Section 78f

National securities exchanges

Section 78g

Margin requirements

Section 78h

Restrictions on borrowing and lending by members, brokers, and dealers

Section 78i

Manipulation of security prices

Section 78j

Manipulative and deceptive devices

Section 78j–1

Audit requirements

Section 78j–2

Position limits and position accountability for security-based swaps and large trader reporting

Section 78j–3

Compensation committees

Section 78j–4

Recovery of erroneously awarded compensation policy

Section 78k

Trading by members of exchanges, brokers, and dealers

Section 78k–1

National market system for securities; securities information processors

Section 78l

Registration requirements for securities

Section 78l–1

Applications for unlisted trading privileges deemed filed under section 78l of this title

Section 78m

Periodical and other reports

Section 78m–1

Reporting and recordkeeping for certain security-based swaps

Section 78m–2

Reporting requirements regarding coal or other mine safety

Section 78n

Proxies

Section 78n–1

Shareholder approval of executive compensation

Section 78n–2

Corporate governance

Section 78o

Registration and regulation of brokers and dealers

Section 78o–1

Brokers deemed to be registered

Section 78o–2

Liabilities arising prior to amendment unaffected

Section 78o–3

Registered securities associations

Section 78o–4

Municipal securities

Section 78o–4a

Commission Office of Municipal Securities

Section 78o–5

Government securities brokers and dealers

Section 78o–6

Securities analysts and research reports

Section 78o–7

Registration of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations

Section 78o–8

Universal ratings symbols

Section 78o–9

Study and rulemaking on assigned credit ratings

Section 78o–10

Registration and regulation of security-based swap dealers and major security-based swap participants

Section 78o–11

Credit risk retention

Section 78p

Directors, officers, and principal stockholders

Section 78q

Records and reports

Section 78q–1

National system for clearance and settlement of securities transactions

Section 78q–2

Automated quotation systems for penny stocks

Section 78r

Liability for misleading statements

Section 78s

Registration, responsibilities, and oversight of self-regulatory organizations

Section 78t

Liability of controlling persons and persons who aid and abet violations

Section 78t–1

Liability to contemporaneous traders for insider trading

Section 78u

Investigations and actions

Section 78u–1

Civil penalties for insider trading

Section 78u–2

Civil remedies in administrative proceedings

Section 78u–3

Cease-and-desist proceedings

Section 78u–4

Private securities litigation

Section 78u–5

Application of safe harbor for forward-looking statements

Section 78u–6

Securities whistleblower incentives and protection

Section 78u–7

Implementation and transition provisions for whistleblower protection

Section 78v

Hearings by Commission

Section 78w

Rules, regulations, and orders; annual reports

Section 78x

Public availability of information

Section 78y

Court review of orders and rules

Section 78z

Unlawful representations

Section 78aa

Jurisdiction of offenses and suits

Section 78aa–1

Special provision relating to statute of limitations on private causes of action

Section 78bb

Effect on existing law

Section 78cc

Validity of contracts

Section 78dd

Foreign securities exchanges

Section 78dd–1

Prohibited foreign trade practices by issuers

Section 78dd–2

Prohibited foreign trade practices by domestic concerns

Section 78dd–3

Prohibited foreign trade practices by persons other than issuers or domestic concerns

Section 78ee

Transaction fees

Section 78ff

Penalties

Section 78gg

Separability

Section 78hh

Effective date

Section 78hh–1

Effective date of certain sections

Section 78ii

Omitted

omitted

Section 78jj

Repealed. Pub. L. 100–181, title III, § 330, Dec. 4, 1987, 101 Stat. 1259

repealed

Section 78kk

Authorization of appropriations

Section 78ll

Requirements for the EDGAR system

Section 78mm

General exemptive authority

Section 78nn

Tennessee Valley Authority

Section 78oo

Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Federal Home Loan Banks

Section 78pp

Investor Advisory Committee

Section 78qq

Small Business Capital Formation Advisory Committee

Section 78rr

Data standards for security-based swap reporting

Section 78aaa

Short title

Section 78bbb

Application of Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Section 78ccc

Securities Investor Protection Corporation

Section 78ddd

Sipc Fund

Section 78eee

Protection of customers

Section 78fff

General provisions of a liquidation proceeding

Section 78fff–1

Powers and duties of a trustee

Section 78fff–2

Special provisions of a liquidation proceeding

Section 78fff–3

SIPC advances

Section 78fff–4

Direct payment procedure

Section 78ggg

SEC functions

Section 78hhh

Examining authority functions

Section 78iii

Functions of self-regulatory organizations

Section 78jjj

Prohibited acts

Section 78kkk

Miscellaneous provisions

Section 78lll

Definitions

Section 79 to 79z–6

Repealed. Pub. L. 109–58, title XII, § 1263, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 974

repealed

Section 80a–1

Findings and declaration of policy

Section 80a–2

Definitions; applicability; rulemaking considerations

Section 80a–3

Definition of investment company

Section 80a–3a

Protection of philanthropy under State law

Section 80a–4

Classification of investment companies

Section 80a–5

Subclassification of management companies

Section 80a–6

Exemptions

Section 80a–7

Transactions by unregistered investment companies

Section 80a–8

Registration of investment companies

Section 80a–9

Ineligibility of certain affiliated persons and underwriters

Section 80a–10

Affiliations or interest of directors, officers, and employees

Section 80a–11

Offers to exchange securities

Section 80a–12

Functions and activities of investment companies

Section 80a–13

Changes in investment policy

Section 80a–14

Size of investment companies

Section 80a–15

Contracts of advisers and underwriters

Section 80a–16

Board of directors

Section 80a–17

Transactions of certain affiliated persons and underwriters

Section 80a–18

Capital structure of investment companies

Section 80a–19

Payments or distributions

Section 80a–20

Proxies; voting trusts; circular ownership

Section 80a–21

Loans by management companies

Section 80a–22

Distribution, redemption, and repurchase of securities; regulations by securities associations

Section 80a–23

Closed-end companies

Section 80a–24

Registration of securities under Securities Act of 1933

Section 80a–25

Reorganization plans; reports by Commission

Section 80a–26

Unit investment trusts

Section 80a–27

Periodic payment plans

Section 80a–28

Face-amount certificate companies

Section 80a–29

Reports and financial statements of investment companies and affiliated persons

Section 80a–30

Accounts and records

Section 80a–31

Accountants and auditors

Section 80a–32

Filing of documents with Commission in civil actions

Section 80a–33

Destruction and falsification of reports and records

Section 80a–34

Unlawful representations and names

Section 80a–35

Breach of fiduciary duty

Section 80a–36

Larceny and embezzlement

Section 80a–37

Rules, regulations, and orders

Section 80a–38

Procedure for issuance of rules and regulations

Section 80a–39

Procedure for issuance of orders

Section 80a–40

Hearings by Commission

Section 80a–41

Enforcement of subchapter

Section 80a–42

Court review of orders

Section 80a–43

Jurisdiction of offenses and suits

Section 80a–44

Disclosure of information filed with Commission; copies

Section 80a–45

Reports by Commission; hiring and leasing authority

Section 80a–46

Validity of contracts

Section 80a–47

Liability of controlling persons; preventing compliance with subchapter

Section 80a–48

Penalties

Section 80a–49

Construction with other laws

Section 80a–50

Separability

Section 80a–51

Short title

Section 80a–52

Effective date

Section 80a–53

Election to be regulated as business development company

Section 80a–54

Acquisition of assets by business development companies

Section 80a–55

Qualifications of directors

Section 80a–56

Transactions with certain affiliates

Section 80a–57

Changes in investment policy

Section 80a–58

Incorporation of subchapter provisions

Section 80a–59

Functions and activities of business development companies

Section 80a–60

Capital structure

Section 80a–61

Loans

Section 80a–62

Distribution and repurchase of securities

Section 80a–63

Accounts and records

Section 80a–64

Preventing compliance with subchapter; liability of controlling persons

Section 80b–1

Findings

Section 80b–2

Definitions

Section 80b–3

Registration of investment advisers

Section 80b–3a

State and Federal responsibilities

Section 80b–4

Reports by investment advisers

Section 80b–4a

Prevention of misuse of nonpublic information

Section 80b–5

Investment advisory contracts

Section 80b–6

Prohibited transactions by investment advisers

Section 80b–6a

Exemptions

Section 80b–7

Material misstatements

Section 80b–8

General prohibitions

Section 80b–9

Enforcement of subchapter

Section 80b–10

Disclosure of information by Commission

Section 80b–10a

Consultation

Section 80b–11

Rules, regulations, and orders of Commission

Section 80b–12

Hearings

Section 80b–13

Court review of orders

Section 80b–14

Jurisdiction of offenses and suits

Section 80b–15

Validity of contracts

Section 80b–16

Omitted

omitted

Section 80b–17

Penalties

Section 80b–18

Hiring and leasing authority of Commission

Section 80b–18a

State regulation of investment advisers

Section 80b–18b

Custody of client accounts

Section 80b–18c

Rule of construction relating to the Commodities Exchange Act

Section 80b–19

Separability

Section 80b–20

Short title

Section 80b–21

Effective date

Section 80c

Liaison between Securities and Exchange Commission and Small Business Administration

Section 80c–1

Annual government-business forum on capital formation

Section 80c–2

Authorization of appropriations

Section 80c–3

Reduction of costs of small securities issues