7 CFR § 51.3416 - Classification of defects.

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t7/s51.3416"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "7 CFR § 51.3416 - Classification of defects."
title_number: 7
title_name: "Agriculture"
section_number: "51.3416"
section_name: "Classification of defects."
chapter_name: "AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (STANDARDS, INSPECTIONS, MARKETING PRACTICES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE"
subchapter_number: "C"
subchapter_name: "REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT"
part_number: "51"
part_name: "FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER PRODUCTS (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS)"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-04-05"
last_updated: "2026-04-05"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "7 U.S.C. 1621-1627."
cfr_part: "51"
---


# 51.3416 Classification of defects.

External Defects

| Defects | Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing | Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Air cracks | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Blackleg | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Bruises | 5% waste | 10% waste |
| Cuts | Smooth, not more than 10% of surface | Smooth, not more than ⁄ of surface. |
| Enlarged lenticels, discolored or sunken | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Flea Beetle | 5% waste | 10% waste |
| Folded end | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Fusarium tuber rot | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Grass, wireworm | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Greening, light | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Growth cracks | See Footnote No. 2 | 10% waste. |
| Grub | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Ingrown sprouts | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Nematodes | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Rhizoctonia, solid or thick mounded | Not more than 10% of surface | Not more than 25% of surface. |
| Rodent, bird damage | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Scab, pitted | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Scab, russet | 25% of surface or 5% waste | 50% of surface or 10% waste. |
| Scab, surface | 25% of surface or 5% waste | 50% of surface or 10% waste. |
| Scab, surface (elephant hide). | 10% of surface or 5% waste | 25% of surface or 10% waste. |
| Second growth | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Scaling, surface cracks—when cracked, thick and has depth | 10% of surface or 5% waste | 25% of surface or 10% waste. |
| Sunburn | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Sunken discolored areas | 5% waste | 10% waste. |

Internal Defects

| Defects | Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 1 processing | Maximum allowed for U.S. No. 2 processing |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Occurring outside of or not entirely confined to the vascular ring |  |  |
| Internal Black Spot, Internal Discoloration, Vascular Browning, Fusarium Wilt, Net Necrosis, Other Necrosis, Stem End Browning | 5% waste | 10% waste. |
| Occurring entirely within the vascular ring |  |  |
| Hollow Heart or Hollow Heart with Discoloration | Area affected not to exceed that of a circle ⁄ inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. | Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. |
| Light Brown Discoloration (Brown Center) | Area affected not to exceed that of a circle ⁄ inch in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. | Area affected not to exceed that of a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter in a 10 ounce potato. |
| Internal Brown Spot and similar discoloration (Heat Necrosis) | Not more than the equivalent of 3 scattered spots ⁄ inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 2⁄ inches in diameter, or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes | Not more than the equivalent of 6 scattered spots ⁄ inch in diameter in a potato 6 ounces in weight or 2⁄ inches in diameter or correspondingly lesser or greater number of spots in smaller or larger potatoes. |
| Note: Or correspondingly lesser or greater areas in smaller or larger potatoes. |  |  |