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7 CFR § 51.713 - Classification of defects. 

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t7/s51.713"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "7 CFR § 51.713 - Classification of defects."
title_number: 7
title_name: "Agriculture"
section_number: "51.713"
section_name: "Classification of defects."
chapter_name: "AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (STANDARDS, INSPECTIONS, MARKETING PRACTICES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE"
subchapter_number: "C"
subchapter_name: "REQUIREMENTS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT"
part_number: "51"
part_name: "FRESH FRUITS, VEGETABLES, AND OTHER PRODUCTS (INSPECTION, CERTIFICATION, AND STANDARDS)"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-04-05"
last_updated: "2026-04-05"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "7 U.S.C. 1621-1627."
cfr_part: "51"
---

# 51.713 Classification of defects.

All references to area or aggregate area, or length in this standard are based on an orange 2
7/8 inches in diameter, allowing proportionately greater areas on larger fruit and lesser areas on smaller fruit.

Table 1 to § 51.713

| Factor | Injury | Damage | Serious damage | Very serious damage |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Ammoniation |  | Not occurring as light speck type | Scars are cracked or dark and aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter or light colored and aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Buckskin |  | Aggregating more than a circle 1 inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. |
| Caked melanose |  |  | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Creasing |  | Materially weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-third of the surface | Seriously weakens the skin, or extends over more than one-half of the surface | Very seriously weakens the skin, or is distributed over practically the entire surface. |
| Dryness or mushy condition |  | Affecting all segments more than ⁄ inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than ⁄ inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit | Affecting all segments more than ⁄ inch at stem end, or the equivalent of this amount, by volume, when occurring in other portions of the fruit. |
| Green spots or oil spots | More than slightly affecting appearance | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter. |  |
| Hail | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Not well healed, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter. |
| Scab |  | Materially detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Seriously detracts from the shape or texture, or aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Scale | More than a few adjacent to the “button” at the stem end, or more than 6 scattered on other portions of the fruit | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Scars | Depressed, not smooth, or detracts from appearance more than the amount of discoloration permitted in the grade | Deep, rough or hard aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter; smooth or fairly smooth with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter | Deep, rough aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter; slightly rough with slight depth aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter | Deep, rough or unsightly that appearance is very seriously affected. |
| Skin breakdown |  | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Sunburn |  | Skin is flattened, dry, darkened or hard, aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface | Affecting more than one-third of the surface, hard, decidedly one-sided, or light brown and aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 50 percent of the surface. |
| Sprayburn |  |  | Hard, or aggregating more than a circle 1⁄ inches in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |
| Split, rough or protruding navels | Split is unhealed; navel protrudes beyond general contour; opening is so wide, growth so folded and ridged that it detracts noticeably from appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than ⁄ inch in length, or more than 3 well healed splits, or navel protrudes beyond the general contour, and opening is so wide, folded or ridged that it detracts materially from appearance | Split is unhealed, or more than ⁄ inch in length, or aggregate length of all splits exceed 1 inch, or navel protrudes beyond general contour, and opening is so wide, folded and ridged that it seriously detracts from appearance | Split is unhealed or fruit is seriously weakened. |
| Thorn scratches | Not slight, not well healed, or more unsightly than discoloration permitted in the grade | Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Not well healed, or hard concentrated thorn injury aggregating more than a circle ⁄ inch in diameter | Aggregating more than 25 percent of the surface. |

[85 FR 68428, Oct. 29, 2020]