29 CFR § 1620.23 - Collective bargaining agreements not a defense.

---
identifier: "/us/cfr/t29/s1620.23"
source: "ecfr"
legal_status: "authoritative_unofficial"
title: "29 CFR § 1620.23 - Collective bargaining agreements not a defense."
title_number: 29
title_name: "Labor"
section_number: "1620.23"
section_name: "Collective bargaining agreements not a defense."
chapter_name: "EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION"
part_number: "1620"
part_name: "THE EQUAL PAY ACT"
positive_law: false
currency: "2026-03-24"
last_updated: "2026-03-24"
format_version: "1.1.0"
generator: "[email protected]"
authority: "Sec. 1-19, 52 Stat. 1060, as amended; sec. 10, 61 Stat. 84; Pub. L. 88-38, 77 Stat. 56 (29 U.S.C. 201 ); sec. 1, Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1978, 43 FR 19807; E.O. 12144, 44 FR 37193."
regulatory_source: "51 FR 29819, Aug. 20, 1986, unless otherwise noted."
cfr_part: "1620"
---


# 1620.23 Collective bargaining agreements not a defense.

The establishment by collective bargaining or inclusion in a collective bargaining agreement of unequal rates of pay does not constitute a defense available to either an employer or to a labor organization. Any and all provisions in a collective bargaining agreement which provide unequal rates of pay in conflict with the requirements of the EPA are null and void and of no effect.